Long‐term variability of the coastal ocean stratification in the Gulf of Naples: Two decades of monitoring the marine ecosystem at the <scp>LTER</scp>–<scp>MC</scp> site, between land and open Mediterranean Sea

Kokoszka, Florian; Roux, Baptiste; Iudicone, Daniele; Conversano, Fabio; d’Alcalà, Maurizio Ribera

doi:10.1111/maec.12725

Cited by 9 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Notwithstanding the strong environmental variability characterizing the study area, robust seasonal signals were observed not only in the temperature and salinity data, as previously reported (Kokoszka, Le Roux, et al, 2022; Ribera d'Alcalà et al, 2004), but also for nutrients and Chl a .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The maximum nutrient concentrations at the surface are generally observed in February–May, in conjunction with the annual maxima of freshwater inputs (Kokoszka, Le Roux, et al, 2022) while the highest Chl a concentration occurs toward the end of this period (April–May), when the stratification increases, as observed in other temperate ecosystems (Cloern & Jassby, 2008; Lavigne et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…It could also be due to not linear relationships that imply additional factors, such as climate, local hydrodynamic conditions, and the stock of nutrients previously accumulated (Grizzetti et al, 2012). In this context, the reduced flushing detected in the years 2010-2019 caused by different wind regimes (Kokoszka, Le Roux, et al, 2022) may also explain the increase in nitrate concentration over the last years of the time series.…”

Section: Seasonal and Interannual Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interplay among anthropogenic impact, climate change, and internal dynamics in driving nutrient and phytoplankton biomass in the Gulf of Naples

et al. 2023

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Due to an ever-increasing demographic pressure, coastal areas are hotspots of anthropogenic impact on marine ecosystems. Understanding the extent and nature of these impacts is critical for developing effective conservation and management strategies to protect and restore coastal marine ecosystems and the services they provide. The Gulf of Naples is a coastal embayment in the Tyrrhenian Sea, Western Mediterranean Sea, which is severely impacted by human activities. Here, we discuss the intertwining of anthropogenic pressures and climate variations in regulating phytoplankton biomass dynamics in the Gulf and the presence of possible long-term changes. We analysed three decades of T-S, nutrient, and chlorophyll a data collected at a fixed station, the LTER-MC site. Despite some spikes in nutrient concentrations (up to 9.92 mmol m −3 for NO 3 − , 13.12 mmol m −3 for NH 4 + , 0.75 mmol m −3 for PO 4 3− , and 13.59 mmol m −3 for Si(OH) 4 ), median surface and depth-integrated concentrations are relatively low (0.73 mmol m −3 and 0.45 mmol m −3 for NO 3 − , 0.73 mmol m −3 and 0.47 mmol m −3 for NH 4 + , 0.07 mmol m −3 and 0.04 mmol m −3 for PO 4 3− , 1.61 mmol m −3and 1.44 mmol m −3 for Si(OH) 4 , respectively). Chlorophyll a concentrations, here taken as a proxy of phytoplankton biomass, occasionally display high values (up to 17.33 mg m −3 ) and fluctuating highs and lows lasting several months, with an overall median value of 1.37 mg m −3 at the surface, and 0.55 mg m −3 as integrated mean. These values are nine and three times higher than the offshore concentrations. The plankton food web at the site is mostly driven by terrestrial inputs. The effect of large-scalelong-term trends in nutrient inputs (e.g., phosphate load reduction) is comparable to that of local drivers, also because of the relatively shallow depth (75 m) of the station and its vicinity to the coastline. Importantly, the physical dynamics, despite the more closed morphology of the Gulf with respect to other bays in the Tyrrhenian Sea, efficiently removes excess nutrients and biomass, preventing dystrophic phenomena.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Seasonal and Interannual Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interplay among anthropogenic impact, climate change, and internal dynamics in driving nutrient and phytoplankton biomass in the Gulf of Naples

et al. 2023

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“…At LTER-MC the decrease in copepod richness is associated with rare species, which have been consistently found at very low frequencies (<1%) in recent years. The increased abundance of species that typically live in offshore and epi-mesopelagic waters has likely been favored by the enhanced coupling between inshore and offshore waters over the last few years (Kokoszka et al, 2023).…”

Section: Over a Longer Time Scale Copepod Richness In The Mediterraneanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mixed layer depth (MLD), which identifies the vertical extension of the homogeneous surface layer, was calculated from in situ density profiles following the method of de Boyer Montégut et al (2004). Further methodological details related to MLD are reported in Kokoszka et al (2023).…”

Section: Sampling and Sample Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal mesozooplankton respond to decadal environmental changes via community restructuring

et al. 2023

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Long-term ecological research has revealed the impact of climate on marine ecosystems at multiple time scales. Changes in the pelagic system have been detected at the LTER-MC site in the Gulf of Naples (Tyrrhenian Sea, western Mediterranean) since 1984. Here we analyzed the time series to determine whether zooplankton had significantly changed over the three decades 1984-2015. In addition to the seasonal cycle as the main mode of temporal variability, we observed long-term trends in the functional groups and species. Copepods, the most abundant group, declined over the years owing to a decrease in the abundance of Acartia clausi, Centropages typicus, the Paracalanus parvus complex, and Oithona spp. Increasing trends were observed for strict carnivores (chaetognaths) and typical filter feeders (cladocerans, appendicularians, and thaliaceans); the latter may be linked to a higher density of <5 μm phytoplankton. Two main temporal shifts were detected: (i) in 1985-87, similarly to the regime shifts registered in other basins of the Northern Hemisphere, and (ii) after 2011, likely related to local atmospheric forcing. The disappearance or decrease in some neritic copepods and the increased abundance of typical offshore species seem to reflect the enhanced influence of the open Tyrrhenian waters at the sampling site. Despite these changes, no significant trends were detected in the total zooplankton abundance and overall composition, which indicates restructuring within the whole community. These results underline the need to examine the entire zooplankton diversity spectrum and improve our knowledge of their ecological traits to detect and interpret long-term variability.

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Factors influencing nearshore hypoxia in the southeastern Arabian Sea: A sensor-based study

Abdul Azeez,

Gireeshkumar,

Muraleedharan

et al. 2023

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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Long‐term variability of the coastal ocean stratification in the Gulf of Naples: Two decades of monitoring the marine ecosystem at the LTER–MC site, between land and open Mediterranean Sea

Cited by 9 publications

References 102 publications

Interplay among anthropogenic impact, climate change, and internal dynamics in driving nutrient and phytoplankton biomass in the Gulf of Naples

Interplay among anthropogenic impact, climate change, and internal dynamics in driving nutrient and phytoplankton biomass in the Gulf of Naples

Coastal mesozooplankton respond to decadal environmental changes via community restructuring

Factors influencing nearshore hypoxia in the southeastern Arabian Sea: A sensor-based study

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