“…Some animals have evolved fast motor circuits devoted to the generation of such behaviors, such as the giant fiber system in flies, the Mauthner cell in fish, or the lateral giant neurons of crayfish (Wyman et al, 1984;Edwards et al, 1999;Korn and Faber, 2005). Although much is known in these and in other systems about how escape behaviors are generated in response to abrupt stimuli such as mechanical disturbances, air puffs, or light flashes (Levi and Camhi, 2000;Fayyazuddin et al, 2006;Bhatt et al, 2007), we still know very little about how escape behaviors are generated in response to objects approaching on a collision course, as may be expected from potential predators (Yamamoto et al, 2003;Preuss et al, 2006;Santer et al, 2006;Oliva et al, 2007;Hammond and O'Shea, 2007).…”