Wind cycles and climatic trends of the Black Sea

Melnikov, Vasiliy Andreevich; Moskalenko, Lidiya Vasil'evna; Kuzevanova, Nataliya Il'inichna

doi:10.29006/978-5-9901449-3-4-2017-1-110-113

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The linear positive SAT trend for this period was +0.053°C/year. This estimate agrees well with measurements at the Gelendzhik HMS: from 1987 to 2017, the SAT trend was +0.051°C/year, while for 82 years, from 1935 to 2017, the growth in SAT occurred at a three times lower rate of +0.017 ± 0.005°C/year [20]. Study [2] gives same estimate of the SAT trend of +0.05°C/year based on data from a number of HMS located along the periphery of the Black Sea.…”

Section: Results and Comparison With Data Of Known Publicationssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…2) was +0.052°C/year. This estimate agrees well with the values of the Black Sea SST trends in studies by other authors in close time periods: +0.052°C/year in 1995-2015 [37], +0.040°C/year (September 1981-November 2015) [25], +0.072°C/year based on Gelendzhik HMS data [20] in 1987-2017 (for 82 years, 1935-2017, it was approximately half that, +0.031 ± 0.005°C/year). The estimate of the temperature trend of the surface layer of the Black Sea +0.07°C/year is given in [2].…”

Section: Sst Of the Black And Azov Seassupporting

confidence: 91%

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Climate Change in the Hydrometeorological Parameters of the Black and Azov Seas (1980–2020)

et al. 2021

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To study the nature of climate change in the hydrometeorological parameters of the Black and Azov Seas—surface air temperature (SAT), sea surface temperature (SST), ice cover, and sea level—under conditions of ongoing global warming, we used reanalyses and remote sensing data, as well as information from known publications of recent years. It was found that against an increase in SAT over the Black–Azov Sea region (+0.053°C/year in 1980–2020) and SST of the Black Sea (+0.052°C/year in 1982–2020), the values of these parameters in the 2000s differ significantly from those in the 1980s–1990s: the maximum average monthly summer and minimum average monthly winter temperatures have increased, as well as the number of mild winters. The average annual SST of the Black Sea, which practically did not exceed 15°C in the 1980s–early 1990s, has exceeded 16°C in most cases since 2010 (maximum 16.71°C in 2018). In the 2010s, the average monthly winter minima, with the exception of the winters of 2011/2012 and 2016/2017, did not fall below 8°С. A consequence of the increase in winter temperatures was a decrease in the ice concentration in the Sea of Azov (the trend of the mean monthly concentration is –1.2%/10 years). From about 2004–2010 in the Black Sea and since 2004 in the Sea of Azov, the tendency towards increase in their levels (on average) has been replaced by a slight decrease, so that the average positive trends for the period 1993–2020 (+0.32 ± 0.16 cm/year in the Black Sea and +0.21 ± 0.05 cm/year in the Sea of Azov) were approximately 2.5 times less than in 1993–2012. The reason for this decrease in levels (on average) in the last 10–15 years was apparently a decrease in the incoming part of the freshwater balance of both seas, which is indirectly confirmed by the observed increase in salinity of their waters.

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Section: Results and Comparison With Data Of Known Publicationssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Sst Of the Black And Azov Seassupporting

confidence: 91%

Climate Change in the Hydrometeorological Parameters of the Black and Azov Seas (1980–2020)

et al. 2021

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“…Finally, as background observations, the weather conditions should be briefly mentioned here. According to the Gelendzhik weather station of the Russian Hydromet Service, the weather was warm in January-March 2016 (Melnikov et al, 2018). Several cold days occurred from 1 to 4 and 23 to 26 January when the air temperature was freezing.…”

Section: Background Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The short timescale variability of the oxygen inventory in the NE Black Sea slope water

et al. 2018

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Warm winters have recently become common over the Black Sea, leading to the risk of shoaling oxygen penetration. The insufficient supply of oxygen to the near-bottom layer may result in a decrease in faunal abundance. However, there is a lack of data on the temporal variations in oxygen throughout the water column over short timescales of hours to weeks. In this paper, new observations over the upper part of the NE Black Sea continental slope are presented. Regular, frequent measurements were performed using a moored profiler from January to early March 2016. The profiling allowed for direct observations of the temperature in the cold intermediate layer (CIL), pycnocline structure, current velocity, and oxygen stratification and in particular, the depths of hypoxia onset. The average local oxygen inventory below a depth of 30 m was 24.9 mol m −2 . Relatively high/low oxygen inventory cases were related to the thin/thick main pycnocline, which was associated with the onshore/offshore location of the Black Sea Rim Current. The pycnocline hindered the vertical transport of oxygenated water to the CIL. The vertical displacements of the hypoxia onset depth ranged from 97 to 170 m, while the shelf edge depth in this region usually ranged from 90 to 100 m. Intermittently, the hypoxia boundary depth fluctuated on two timescales: ∼ 17 h due to inertial oscillations and 3-7 days due to current meanders and eddies.

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“…The authors of [15] studied climate variations of wave parameters at the inlet of Novorossiysk bay using the DHI MIKE 21 SW spectral wave model. Field measurements were carried out in the nearshore areas of the cities of Anapa, Novorossiysk, Gelendzhik, and Sochi (e.g., [16][17][18][19][20], etc.) at 5-10 km distances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave Buoy Measurements at Short Fetches in the Black Sea Nearshore: Mixed Sea and Energy Fluxes

Rybalko

Myslenkov

Badulin

2023

Water

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Wave buoy measurements were carried out near the northeastern Black Sea coast at the natural reserve Utrish in 2020–2021. In total, about 11 months of data records were collected during two stages of the experiment at 600 and 1500 m offshore and depths of 18 and 42 m. The measured waves propagate almost exclusively from the seaward directions. Generally, the waves do not follow the local wind directions, thus, implying a mixed sea state. Nevertheless, dimensionless wave heights and periods appears to be quite close to the previously established empirical laws for the wind-driven seas. The results of the wave turbulence theory are applied for estimates of spectral energy fluxes and their correspondence to the energy flux from the turbulent wind pulsations. These estimates are consistent with today’s understanding of wind–wave interaction. It is shown that the main fraction of the wind energy flux is sent to the direct Kolmogorov–Zakharov cascade to high wave frequencies and then dissipates in small amounts. Less than 1% of the wind energy flux is directed to the low frequency band (the so-called inverse Kolmogorov–Zakharov cascade), thus, providing wave energy growth.

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Wind cycles and climatic trends of the Black Sea

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Climate Change in the Hydrometeorological Parameters of the Black and Azov Seas (1980–2020)

Climate Change in the Hydrometeorological Parameters of the Black and Azov Seas (1980–2020)

The short timescale variability of the oxygen inventory in the NE Black Sea slope water

Wave Buoy Measurements at Short Fetches in the Black Sea Nearshore: Mixed Sea and Energy Fluxes

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