Wind and Fire Coupled Modelling—Part I: Literature Review

Fire smoke dispersion inside and outside of a warehouse building in moderate and strong wind conditions

“…The origins of modern NSHEV systems are traced to the landmark work of Thomas [12], which did lead to the development of modern standards such as NFPA 204 [13]. The development of NSHEV systems was described thoroughly in a review paper [2], and particular challenges related to the design of NSHEVs and their performance in wind conditions in [5]. Other notable studies on NSHEV performance in wind conditions include [3,6,14,15].…”

“…The CFD approach used herein is also commonly used in similar studies focused on pollutant dispersion in various environments. An in-depth literature review of wind and fire coupled numerical analyses were given in [2]. Numerical analyses are used, among others, for the design of more efficient smoke removal from buildings or road tunnels, prediction of smoke flow inside and outside buildings, prediction of smoke production in large outdoor fires and smoke dispersion in both urban and rural environments.…”

“…The performance of the vents in fires has been described by Tanaka [1]. It is well known that such systems are prone to adverse wind effects [2], and in some circumstances, it may even negatively affect the consequences of the fire in the building [3]. Given these limitations, the wind is included in the analysis through a wind-condition discharge coefficient Cvw, that describes the NSHEV performance under in a standardized test at 10 m/s wind, at a most onerous angle.…”

Interpol review of fire investigation 2016–2019

“…Wegrzynski and Lipecki published a literature review of wind and fire coupled modeling as part one of a more general study [ 119 ]. They explained that most fire phenomena are influence by the wind, and, accordingly, to understand fires one needs to understand wind as well.…”

Transient Analyses and Energy Balance of Air Flow in Road Tunnels

“…The tests, briefly described above, are usually performed as numerical analyses. Since large scale experiments in real road tunnels are difficult to undertake, numerical simulations are commonly applied [20][21][22]. Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) [23][24][25] and Ansys Fluent [26] are mostly applied nowadays for numerical simulations of fire ventilation operation and air behaviour during a fire.…”