Willow Short‐Rotation Production Systems in Canada and Northern United States: A Review

Amichev, Beyhan Y.; Hangs, R.D.; Konecsni, Sheala Marie; Stadnyk, Christine Noelle; Volk, Timothy A.; Bélanger, Nicolas; Vujanovic, Vladimir; Schoenau, Jeff J.; Moukoumi, Judicaël; Rees, K. C. J. Van

doi:10.2136/sssaj2013.08.0368nafsc

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Willows, particularly shrub willows, have gained prominent use in short-rotation applications in several regions of the world [189]. Black willow is a fast-growing tree species that is endemic to alluvial forests throughout much of the Eastern USA.…”

Section: Black Willowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem Services of Woody Crop Production Systems

et al. 2016

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Short-rotation woody crops are an integral component of regional and national energy portfolios, as well as providing essential ecosystem services such as biomass supplies, carbon sinks, clean water, and healthy soils. We review recent USDA Forest Service Research and Development efforts from the USDA Biomass Research Centers on the provisioning of these ecosystem services from woody crop production systems. For biomass, we highlight productivity and yield potential, pest susceptibility, and bioenergy siting applications. We describe carbon storage in aboveground woody biomass and studies assessing the provision of clean and plentiful water. Soil protection and wildlife habitat are also mentioned, in the context of converting lands from traditional row-crop agriculture to woody production systems.

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Section: Black Willowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem Services of Woody Crop Production Systems

et al. 2016

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“…are an asset for the development of a biomass system for bioenergy and bioproducts. Willow has been in development in the United States and Canada for more than 30 years [2,3]. These crops have shown desirable characteristics such as high annual yield and the ability to regenerate by re-sprouting multiple stems after each harvest while having similarities to other woody biomass (i.e., heating value, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin content), as well as differences (i.e., bark to wood ratio) [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overhead Protection Increases Fuel Quality and Natural Drying of Leaf-On Woody Biomass Storage Piles

Therasme

Eisenbies

Volk

2019

Forests

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Short-rotation woody crops (SRWC) have the potential to make substantial contributions to the supply of biomass feedstock for the production of biofuels and bioproducts. This study evaluated changes in the fuel quality (moisture, ash, and heating value) of stored spring harvested shrub willow (Salix spp.) and hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) chips with respect to pile protection treatments, location within the storage piles, and length of storage. Leaf-on willow and poplar were harvested in the spring, and wood chips and foliage with moisture content in the range of 42.1% to 49.9% (w.b.) were stored in piles for five months, from May to October 2016. Three protection treatments were randomly assigned to the piles. The control treatment had no cover (NC), so piles were exposed to direct solar radiation and rainfall. The second treatment had a canopy (C) installed above the piles to limit direct rainfall. The final treatment had a canopy plus a dome aeration system (CD) installed over the piles. Covering piles reduced and maintained the low moisture content in wood chip piles. Within 30 days of establishment, the moisture content in the core of the C pile decreased to less than 30%, and was maintained between 24%–26% until the end of the storage period. Conversely, the moisture content in the NC piles decreased in the first two months, but then increased to the original moisture content in the core (>45 cm deep) and up to 70% of the original moisture content in the shell (<45 cm deep). For all the treatments in the tested conditions, the core material dried faster than the shell material. The higher heating value (HHV) across all the treatments increased slightly from 18.31 ± 0.06 MJ/kg at harvest to 18.76 ± 0.21 MJ/kg at the end of the storage period. The lower heating value (LHV) increased by about 50% in the C and CD piles by the end of the storage period. However, in the NC piles, the LHV decreased by 3% in the core and 52% in the shell. Leaf-on SRWC biomass stored in piles created in late spring under climatic conditions in central and northern New York showed differing moisture contents when stored for over 60–90 days. Overhead protection could be used to preserve or improve the fuel quality in terms of the moisture content and heating value if more than two months of storage are required. However, the implementation of such management practice will depend on whether the end users are willing to pay a higher price for dryer biomass and biomass with a higher LHV.

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“…SRWC systems can utilize various species [43]. For example, Populus, Salix, Robinia and Eucalyptus species are used in the EU [45,60], while in North America Populus, Salix, Pinus, Eucalyptus, and Liquidambar styraciflua are frequently planted [11,30,49,60,61].…”

Section: Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although very well-known systems of SRWCs are used in the USA [11,39], Canada [49], and many countries of the EU [3], SRWCs for biomass production have only recently been implemented in more Latin American countries [50][51][52][53][54][55][56]. Brazil established short rotation plantations and SRWCs long ago [56].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Short Rotation Wood Crops in Latin American: A Review on Status and Potential Uses as Biofuel

Moya

Oporto

2019

Energies

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Studies related to biomass production, with a focus on energy uses for short-rotation woody crops (SRWCs), are limited in Latin America. The research that is available relates to a variety of tested SRWC species (50 species), however, the most important species are Populus, Salix, Eucalyptus, Acacia, and Gmelina arborea. In the existing studies, stocking densities varied from 1111 to 20,000 trees per hectare, with square or rectangular spacing. One important advantage of SRWC systems in this region, compared to most regions worldwide, is the predictability of biomass yields due to the tropical climate conditions of the majority of the Latin American countries. Rotations of three and four years can be projected to produce total biomass yields of 30–50 tons/ha, with increments of 10–20 tons/ha/yr. Fertilization is performed in SRWC with the aim of preventing soil degradation and maintaining further production. In regards to possible uses of biofuel generated from SRWC in Latin America, an inconvenience is that there are neither well-established harvesting systems nor conventional pre-treatments to process the biomass. Processes that are available in the region that use biomass from SRWC for energy production are gasification and pellet production. Other potential biofuel processes, such as torrefaction and biochemical conversion, are limited in this area.

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Willow Short‐Rotation Production Systems in Canada and Northern United States: A Review

Cited by 37 publications

References 104 publications

Ecosystem Services of Woody Crop Production Systems

Ecosystem Services of Woody Crop Production Systems

Overhead Protection Increases Fuel Quality and Natural Drying of Leaf-On Woody Biomass Storage Piles

Short Rotation Wood Crops in Latin American: A Review on Status and Potential Uses as Biofuel

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