Will to live in older people's medical decisions: immediate and delayed effects of aging stereotypes

Marques, Sibila; Lima, Maria Luísa; Abrams, Dominic; Swift, Hannah J.

doi:10.1111/jasp.12231

Cited by 44 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Structural equation modeling was also employed to examine whether an alternative sequence of the variables could fit the data and whether our conceptual model fully mediated the relationship between the implicit-intervention and the physical-function outcome. The p-values are presented as one-tail tests, because we hypothesized a direction of the effects based on prior single-session studies which found positive age-stereotype interventions improved outcomes (Cumming, 2012; Levy, 2009; Marques et al, 2014; Meisner, 2012). All analyses were conducted with SAS version 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, when individuals recognize through environmental cues that they have entered old-age, the age stereotypes that were applied to others acquire personal resonance, and thus become self-perceptions of aging, which can be activated by subsequent exposure to these cues; in turn, physical outcomes can then be impacted (Levy, 2009). Evidence supporting SET comes from single-session experiments that found age stereotypes influenced behavior only among, or were stronger among, older individuals for whom the stereotypes were self-relevant, in contrast to younger individuals for whom the stereotypes were self irrelevant (e.g., Levy, 2009; Marques, Lima, Abrams, & Swift, 2014; Meisner, 2012). In those studies, unlike the current one, self-perceptions of aging were not examined as part of the process.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Subliminal Strengthening

et al. 2014

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Negative age stereotypes that older individuals assimilate from their culture are associated with detrimental outcomes, including worse physical function. We examined for the first time whether positive age stereotypes, presented subliminally across multiple sessions in the community, would reverse this process. One hundred older individuals (aged 61-99, SD=10 years, M=81) were randomly assigned to an implicit-positive-age-stereotype intervention, explicit-positive-age-stereotype intervention, both, or neither. Interventions occurred at four one week intervals. As expected, the implicit intervention, in sequence, strengthened positive age stereotypes, strengthened positive self-perceptions of aging, and improved physical function. The improvement of physical function continued for three weeks following the last intervention session. Further, negative age stereotypes and negative self-perceptions of aging were weakened. For all outcomes, the implicit intervention's impact was greater than, and independent of, the explicit intervention's impact. The implicit physical-function effect surpassed a previous study's six-month-exercise intervention with similar-aged participants. These findings suggest the intervention served, in effect, as an implicit fitness center.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Subliminal Strengthening

et al. 2014

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“…Hence, negative age stereotypes elicited a lower will to live only among older adults (Marques, Lima, Abrams, & Swift, 2014). The authors have attributed this to the fact that age stereotypes are highly relevant and more frequently used among older adults.…”

Section: Perceived Age Discrimination As a Precipitator Of Depressivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors have attributed this to the fact that age stereotypes are highly relevant and more frequently used among older adults. Thus, the activation of these stereotypes occurs easily (Marques et al, 2014).…”

Section: Perceived Age Discrimination As a Precipitator Of Depressivementioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Age Discrimination: A Precipitator or a Consequence of Depressive Symptoms?

Ayalon

2016

The Journals of Gerontology: Series B

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Objectives: The main purpose of the study was to examine a bidirectional temporal relationship between perceived age discrimination and depressive symptoms. A secondary goal was to examine whether the negative effects of perceived age discrimination on one's depressive symptoms are stronger among respondents older than 70 years old, compared with respondents between the ages of 51 and 70. Methods: The Health and Retirement Study is a U.S. nationally representative sample of individuals over the age of 50 and their spouse of any age. A cross-lagged model was estimated to examine the reciprocal associations of depressive symptoms and perceived age discrimination, controlling for age, gender, education, ethnicity, marital status, employment status, satisfaction with financial status, number of medical conditions, mobility, strength and fine motor skills, and memory functioning. Results: The baseline model for the overall sample resulted in adequate fit indices: CFI = .945, TLI = .940, RMSEA = .024 (90% CI = .023, .025). The cross-lagged effect of perceived age discrimination on depressive symptoms was nonsignificant (B [SE] = −.01 [.04], p = .82), whereas the cross-lagged effect of depressive symptoms on perceived age discrimination was small, but significant (B [SE] = .04 [.02], p = .03). This implies that higher levels of depressive symptoms precede a greater likelihood of perceived age discrimination, net of sociodemographic and clinical variables. The cross-lagged effects did not vary according to age group (51-70 vs >70 years old). Discussion: The subjective nature of perceived age discrimination is discussed.

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“…Across many western cultures old age is perceived as a time of illness, frailty and dependency [16], [17]. Such prevalent negative age stereotypes can have a detrimental effect on the treatment older adults receive.…”

Section: Stereotypes Of Older Peoplementioning

confidence: 99%

The Positive and Negative Impact of an Intergenerational Digital Technology Education Programme on Younger People’s Perceptions of Older Adults

Drury

Bobrowicz

Cameron

et al. 2017

Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population. Aging, Design and User Experience

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Abstract. In order to meet the technological needs of older adults, and ensure digital inclusion, it is important for digital technology designers to accurately assess and understand older adults' needs and requirements, free from the influence of societal assumptions of their capabilities. This study evaluated the impact of an intergenerational digital technology education programme on younger adults' stereotypes of older people. Using an experimental design, results show that compared to a control group, students taking part in the programme subsequently rated older adults as more friendly but less competent. Practical implications for developing intergenerational education programmes are discussed.

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Will to live in older people's medical decisions: immediate and delayed effects of aging stereotypes

Cited by 44 publications

References 37 publications

Subliminal Strengthening

Subliminal Strengthening

Perceived Age Discrimination: A Precipitator or a Consequence of Depressive Symptoms?

The Positive and Negative Impact of an Intergenerational Digital Technology Education Programme on Younger People’s Perceptions of Older Adults

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