Will the future of shale reservoirs lie in CO2 geological sequestration?

Zhan, Jie; Chen, Zhangxin; Zhang, Ying; Zheng, Zigang; Deng, Qi

doi:10.1007/s11431-019-1532-6

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…During the saturation, the minerals in shale underwent alteration due to mobilized elements, and the main chemical reactions of various mineral types were as follows [6,23,32]:…”

Section: Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics Of Shale Treated ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore Structure Alteration of Shale with Exposure to Different Fluids: The Longmaxi Formation Shale in the Sichuan Basin, China

Zhang,

Shen,

et al. 2023

Minerals

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The interaction between shale and various fluids is crucial as it modifies pore structures, which govern the effective development of shale gas and the geological storage of carbon dioxide in shale formations. In this study, samples from the Longmaxi Formation shale in Sichuan Basin of China were exposed to different fluids, including 6 MPa CO2, 12 MPa CO2, 6 MPa CO2+brine, and 12 MPa CO2+brine, at 45 °C for 100 days. Various methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and the low-pressure gas adsorption (N2) test, were adopted to evaluate chemical and structural changes during the exposure process. After being treated with supercritical CO2+brine and subcritical CO2+brine, the shale underwent significant changes in its major element composition. The content of Ca, Al, and K in shale saturated with supercritical CO2+brine decreased from 13.00% to 10.34%, from 3.65% to 3.36%, and from 1.56% to 1.37%, respectively. Meanwhile, the content of Si and Na in the same shale increased slightly after saturation. The amount of quartz and dolomite increased, while the levels of clay and calcite slightly decreased. The surface of the shale sample became rougher and small bumps and cracks appeared after saturation with different fluids, as shown by the FESEM analysis results. Furthermore, the changes in both the total pore volume and pore size followed a similar pattern to the alterations in the specific surface areas. The highest level of variation occurred with the shale that was saturated with 12 MPa of CO2, indicating that gas pressure and CO2 phase state have a significant influence on the shale’s pore structure. In addition, the distribution of pore sizes showed a bias towards larger sizes across all diameters; this suggests that the reaction resulted in a decrease in the number of micropores. This also highlights that the impact of varying fluid saturation was primarily focused on micropores and macropores. The results of this study provided experimental evidence to further test the mechanisms and permeability of geological storage of CO2 in organic-rich self-sourced shale.

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“…During the saturation, the minerals in shale underwent alteration due to mobilized elements, and the main chemical reactions of various mineral types were as follows [6,23,32]:…”

Section: Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics Of Shale Treated ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore Structure Alteration of Shale with Exposure to Different Fluids: The Longmaxi Formation Shale in the Sichuan Basin, China

Zhang,

Shen,

et al. 2023

Minerals

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“…The continuously increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration caused by the heavy use of fossil fuels is extensively believed to be triggering enhanced global warming . Many techniques have been proposed for carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), such as CO 2 enhanced gas/oil recovery, gas hydrate, CO 2 enhanced geothermal system, CO 2 enhanced water recovery, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, etc .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The continuously increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration caused by the heavy use of fossil fuels is extensively believed to be triggering enhanced global warming. 1 Many techniques have been proposed for carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), such as CO 2 enhanced gas/oil recovery, gas hydrate, CO 2 enhanced geothermal system, CO 2 enhanced water recovery, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, etc. 2 As a promising technology of CCUS, CO 2 sequestration with enhanced gas recovery (CS-EGR) technology can reduce carbon emission by sequestrating it into gas reservoirs and simultaneously achieve the extraction of energy resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralization Adsorption of CO₂ in Composite Feldspar Reservoirs with Enhanced Shale Gas Recovery by Molecular Simulations

Deng,

Fang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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Geological sequestration of CO 2 (CS) in shale reservoirs by chemical adsorption is a promising strategy for enhancing shale gas recovery (EGR) and offsetting CO 2 emission. However, insights into the chemical adsorption of CO 2 with enhanced shale gas recovery in shale reservoirs are relatively scarce. In this work, the adsorption mechanisms of CO 2 and CH 4 in composite feldspar reservoirs composed of K + -riched orthoclase, Ca 2+ -riched anorthite, and Na + -riched albite were investigated by molecular simulations. Density functional theory calculations corroborate the formation of a distinct carbonate structure on each type of feldspar surface when CO 2 is adsorbed, showing the mineralization adsorption potential of feldspar to CO 2 . Grand canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations elucidate the adsorption priority of CO 2 on the feldspar surface: orthoclase > albite > anorthite. The K + -riched orthoclase is the most beneficial to the in situ adsorption sequestration of CO 2 . The absolute adsorption capacity of CO 2 in feldspar micropores accounts for 80% of the total loading. Shallow geological depth values (600−1000 m) are economically favorable for the storage of CO 2 in the adsorbed state. The enrichment region of adsorbed CH 4 is at over 2000 m. The recovery efficiency of CH 4 is positively correlated with the mole fraction of CO 2 injected (y COd 2 ). More than 90% of the adsorbed CH 4 is displaced at the y COd 2 of 0.8. These findings provide dependable theoretical bases for the application of shale-based CS-EGR technology.

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“…With the booming of commercial shale gas development, many researchers focus on the feasibility study of CO 2 sequestration in shale gas reservoirs with enhanced gas recovery [12][13][14]. Based on different shale samples, several researchers have extensively studied the interaction between CO 2 and CH 4 in shales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation and Modeling on CO2 Sequestration Coupled with Enhanced Gas Recovery in Shale Gas Reservoirs

Zhan

Niu

et al. 2021

Geofluids

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CO2 geological sequestration in shale is a promising method to mitigate global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions as well as to enhance the gas recovery to some degree, which effectively addresses the problems related to energy demand and climate change. With the data from the New Albany Shale in the Illinois Basin in the United States, the CMG-GEM simulator is applied to establish a numerical model to evaluate the feasibility of CO2 sequestration in shale gas reservoirs with potential enhanced gas recovery (EGR). To represent the matrix, natural fractures, and hydraulic fractures in shale gas reservoirs, a multicontinua porous medium model will be developed. Darcy’s and Forchheimer’s models and desorption-adsorption models with a mixing rule will be incorporated into the multicontinua numerical model to depict the three-stage flow mechanism, including convective gas flow mainly in fractures, dispersive gas transport in macropores, and CH4-CO2 competitive sorption phenomenon in micropores. With the established shale reservoir model, different CO2 injection schemes (continuous injection vs. pulse injection) for CO2 sequestration in shale gas reservoirs are investigated. Meanwhile, a sensitivity analysis of the reservoir permeability between the hydraulic fractures of production and injection wells is conducted to quantify its influence on reservoir performance. The permeability multipliers are 10, 100, and 1,000 for the sensitivity study. The results indicate that CO2 can be effectively sequestered in shale reservoirs. But the EGR of both injection schemes does not perform well as expected. In the field application, it is necessary to take the efficiency of supplemental energy utilization, the CO2 sequestration ratio, and the effect of injected CO2 on the purity of produced methane into consideration to design an optimal execution plan. The case with a permeability multiplier of 1,000 meets the demand for both CO2 sequestration and EGR, which indicates that a moderate secondary stimulation zone needs to be formed between the primary hydraulic fractures of injection and production wells to facilitate the efficient energy transfer between interwell as well as to prevent CO2 from channeling. To meet the demand for CO2 sequestration in shale gas reservoirs with EGR, advanced and effective fracking is essential.

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Will the future of shale reservoirs lie in CO2 geological sequestration?

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Pore Structure Alteration of Shale with Exposure to Different Fluids: The Longmaxi Formation Shale in the Sichuan Basin, China

Pore Structure Alteration of Shale with Exposure to Different Fluids: The Longmaxi Formation Shale in the Sichuan Basin, China

Mineralization Adsorption of CO₂ in Composite Feldspar Reservoirs with Enhanced Shale Gas Recovery by Molecular Simulations

Numerical Simulation and Modeling on CO2 Sequestration Coupled with Enhanced Gas Recovery in Shale Gas Reservoirs

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Will the future of shale reservoirs lie in CO2 geological sequestration?

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Pore Structure Alteration of Shale with Exposure to Different Fluids: The Longmaxi Formation Shale in the Sichuan Basin, China

Pore Structure Alteration of Shale with Exposure to Different Fluids: The Longmaxi Formation Shale in the Sichuan Basin, China

Mineralization Adsorption of CO2 in Composite Feldspar Reservoirs with Enhanced Shale Gas Recovery by Molecular Simulations

Numerical Simulation and Modeling on CO2 Sequestration Coupled with Enhanced Gas Recovery in Shale Gas Reservoirs

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Mineralization Adsorption of CO₂ in Composite Feldspar Reservoirs with Enhanced Shale Gas Recovery by Molecular Simulations