Structured AbstractPurpose: To examine the relationship between aviation and climate change, and the international dimensions of air transport, Methodology/approach: An examination of aviation's impacts on the global climate, mitigation strategies to lessen aviation's climate change impact and on the possible consequences of climate change for commercial aviation.Findings: Although a range of mitigation measures have been developed and implemented to reduce aircraft emissions in the short-term, with some environmental benefit, there is a real need for the aviation sector to identify the possible impacts of climate change on air travel operations, including both aircraft in flight and operations at airports. A further challenge will be to devise plans that will address the vulnerabilities and thus ensure safe aviation-related operations.Social implications: The climate change impacts of aviation will adversely affect society. In addition, some individuals may have to reduce or stop flying as a result of increased taxes and legislation implemented in response to climate change. Originality/value of paper: There is a novel focus on the adaptation challenges for the aviation industry in response to climate change.