“…In 1975, almost twice as many Brazilian women were underweight as were obese; by 1997, the proportions had reversed, with the increases in obesity concentrated among low-income women (Monteiro, Conde, & Popkin, 2004). The emergence of this socioeconomic gradient is a broader trend in Brazil (Monteiro, Conde, & Popkin, 2007) and is characteristic of many LMICs (Mendez, Monteiro, & Popkin, 2005;Popkin, 2008). An equally disturbing observation is that the prevalence of overweight and obesity in many cases is increasing far more rapidly than it did in the high-income countries decades earlier (Popkin, 2002;Popkin, 2006), setting the stage for future increases in cardiovascular disease and diabetes that will widen existing health disparities.…”