Data were obtained from 237 preschoolers and schoolchildren and 258 adolescents during the validation phase measurements. The results of the SAYCARE study are expected to provide higher accuracy in the assessment of cardiovascular disease risk factors, including eating behaviors, body composition, physical activity, sedentary behaviors, lipid profiles and cardiovascular health biomarkers, oral health, social conditions, environmental factors and home environment, and their determinants in children and adolescents from ages 3 to 17 in seven South American cities.

El estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los factores maternos asociados con el peso al nacer, en Colombia, entre 2002-2011. Fue un estudio descriptivo, basado en información del Registro de Nacido Vivo de Colombia del Departamento Administrativo de Estadísticas Vitales, se clasificó el peso al nacer como: bajo peso al nacer < 2.500g, peso insuficiente 2.500-2.999g, peso adecuado 3.000-3.999g y macrosomía ≥ 4.000g. Para el análisis se utilizó la U Mann-Whitney, Kruskall Wallis y un modelo de regresión logística multinomial. Las mujeres con mayor probabilidad de recién nacidos con bajo peso fueron las de 35 años o más (OR = 1,4; IC95%: 1,39-1,4), con bajo nivel educativo (OR = 1,1; IC95%: 1,1-1,1), solteras (OR = 1,1; IC95%: 1,1-1,2), sin asistencia a controles prenatales (OR = 1,9; IC95%: 1,9-2,0) y de la zona rural (OR = 1,2; IC95%: 1,1-1,2). Las mujeres con mayor prevalencia de recién nacidos macrosómicos fueron de 35 años o más (OR = 1,1; IC95%: 1,1-1,1) y de 4 hijos o más (OR = 2,1; IC95%: 2,0-2,1). El peso insuficiente tuvo un comportamiento similar al bajo peso al nacer. En conclusión, los factores sociodemográficos y maternos influencian el peso al nacer de recién nacidos de mujeres colombianas.

Increased plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with abdominal obesity (AO). However, this association remains controversial in children. This study analyzed plasma FFA concentration in children with and without AO. Twenty-nine children classified with AO were matched by age and sex with 29 non-obese individuals. Blood samples were collected after fasting for 10–12 h. Plasma concentration of glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined by automatized methods. FFAs were analyzed by gas chromatography. Children with and without AO had similar age (7.1 ± 2.6 vs. 7.2 ± 2.7 years; p > 0.05) but obese children showed higher (p < 0.05) body mass index (BMI) (+4.3 kg/m2), systolic blood pressure (+5.1 mmHg), and insulin (+27.8 pmol/L). There were no significant differences in plasma total FFA concentration between groups (1.02 ± 0.61 vs. 0.89 ± 0.37 mmol/L; p > 0.05). However, children with AO had higher palmitoleic acid (0.94 vs. 0.70 wt %; p < 0.05) and dihomo-gamma linoleic acid (DHGL) (2.76 vs. 2.07 wt %; p < 0.05). Palmitoleic and DHGL acids correlated (p < 0.05) with BMI (r = 0.397; r = 0.296, respectively) and with waist circumference (r = 0.380; r = 0.276, respectively). Palmitoleic acid correlated positively with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.386; p < 0.05) and negatively with HDL-C (−0.572; p < 0.01). In summary, children with AO have higher plasmatic concentrations of free palmitoleic and DHGL fatty acids, which correlate with cardiometabolic risk factors.

Objective: To develop anthropometric equations to predict body fat percentage (BF%). Methods: In 151 women (aged 18-59) body weight, height, eight- skinfold thickness (STs), six- circumferences (CIs), and BF% by hydrodensitometry were measured. Subjects data were randomly divided in two groups, equation-building group (n= 106) and validation group (n= 45). The equation-building group was used to run linear regression models using anthropometric measurements as predictors to find the best prediction equations of the BF%. The validation group was used to compare the performance of the new equations with those of Durnin-Womersley, Jackson-Pollock and Ramirez-Torun. Results: There were two preferred equations: Equation 1= 11.76 + (0.324 x tricipital ST) + (0.133 x calf ST) + (0.347 x abdomen CI) + (0.068 x age) - (0.135 x height) and Equation 2= 11.37 + (0.404 x tricipital ST) + (0.153 x axilar ST) + (0.264 x abdomen CI) + (0.069 x age) - (0.099 x height). There were no significant differences in BF% obtained by hydrodensitometry (31.5 ±5.3) and Equation 1 (31.0 ±4.0) and Equation 2 (31.2 ±4.0). The BF% estimated by Durning-Womersley (35.8 ±4.0), Jackson-Pollock (26.5 ±5.4) and Ramirez-Torun (32.6 ±4.8) differed from hydrodensitometry (p <0.05). The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was high between hydrodensitometry and Equation 1 (ICC= 0.77), Equation 2 (ICC= 0.76), and Ramirez-Torun equation (ICC= 0.75). The ICC was low between hydrodensitometry and Durnin-Womersley (ICC= 0.51) and Jackson-Pollock (ICC= 0.53) equations. Conclusion: The new Equations-1 and 2, performed better than the commonly used anthropometric equations to predict BF% in adult women.

Birth weight is a high impact factor in populations with high rates of immigration. This study establishes differences in birth weight (BW) and related factors among full-term newborn (NB) infants born to native and immigrant women living in Spain during 2007-2008. All NBs from Spanish mothers and mothers from the five nationalities with the highest birth rates in Spain (Morocco, Romania, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Colombia) according to the Statistical Bulletin of Births in Spain were included. BW was classified as low BW (LBW; <2,500 g), underweight (UW; 2,500-2,999 g), adequate weight (3,000-3,999 g), and macrosomia (≥4,000 g). The characteristics associated with a higher likelihood of LBW were Spanish mother, lower training level (OR = 1.3), more children (OR = 1.8), age ≤19 years (OR = 1.2) or ≥40 years (OR = 1.3), and female NB. The probability of macrosomia was higher in Bolivian mothers (OR = 3.0) with more children (OR = 1.7) and male NBs (OR = 2.0). The NBs of Spanish mothers have a higher likelihood of LBW and the lowest odds for macrosomía compared with immigrants from the other countries.

RESUMENObjetivo Analizar el apoyo social del adulto mayor residente en los Centros de Bienestar del Anciano de Medellín registrados en la Secretaría de Bienestar Social en el año 2008. Materiales Estudio descriptivo transversal, que abordó algunas características relacionadas con el apoyo social recibido por 276 adultos mayores institucionalizados en 39 centros de protección social, con fuente de información primaria. El análisis de la información fue univariado y bivariado. Resultados Los institucionalizados eran en su mayoría mujeres, con edades de 65-84 años, solteras o viudas, con nivel de educación primaria y secundaria; la mayor parte estaban afiliadas al régimen contributivo. Los principales motivos de institucionalización fueron: soledad, problemas de salud y por decisión familiar; ellos son visitados por sus hijos y otros familiares, y este apoyo fue valorado como satisfactorio, pero más de la mitad tenía sentimientos de soledad y la sexta parte manifestó humillaciones de sus seres queridos; es de anotar que una baja proporción reportó maltrato de sus cuidadores. Conclusiones Las redes de apoyo social son fuertes dentro de la institución y perciben un menor maltrato por parte de los cuidadores institucionales que de los familiares. En general, la soledad es un aspecto que lleva a los adultos mayores a institucionalizarse, pero esta permanece en ellos, motivada en parte por el poco contacto con las familias y la mediana satisfacción con amigos y la misma institución, evidenciando su condición de desamparo y de vulnerabilidad social.Palabras Clave: Apoyo social, relaciones familiares, anciano, institucionalización (fuente: DeCS, BIREME). ABSTRACTObjective Analysing the social support provided for elderly institutionalised adults being cared for in Elderly Welfare Centres (Centros de Bienestar del Anciano de Medellín) in Medellin during 2008.Rev. salud pública. 12 (3): [414][415][416][417][418][419][420][421][422][423][424] 2010

Household food Insecurity was significantly associated with a household's socioeconomic conditions and those of a head of household.

ObjectiveTo assess the reliability and validity of body weight (BW) and body image (BI) perception reported by parents (in children) and by adolescents in a South American population.DesignCross-sectional study. BW perception was evaluated by the question, ‘Do you think you/your child are/is: severely wasted, wasted, normal weight, overweight, obese?’ BI perception was evaluated using the Gardner scale. To evaluate reliability, BW and BI perceptions were reported twice, two weeks apart. To evaluate validity, the BW and BI perceptions were compared with WHO BMI Z-scores. Kappa and Kendall’s tau-c coefficients were obtained.SettingPublic and private schools and high schools from six countries of South America (Argentina, Peru, Colombia, Uruguay, Chile, Brazil).ParticipantsChildren aged 3–10 years (n 635) and adolescents aged 11–17 years (n 400).ResultsReliability of BW perception was fair in children’s parents (κ=0·337) and substantial in adolescents (κ=0·709). Validity of BW perception was slight in children’s parents (κ=0·176) and fair in adolescents (κ=0·268). When evaluating BI, most children were perceived by parents as having lower weight. Reliability of BI perception was slight in children’s parents (κ=0·124) and moderate in adolescents (κ=0·599). Validity of BI perception was poor in children’s parents (κ=−0·018) and slight in adolescents (κ=0·023).ConclusionsReliability of BW and BI perceptions was higher in adolescents than in children’s parents. Validity of BW perception was good among the parents of the children and adolescents with underweight and normal weight.