Wild Pigs (Sus scrofa) Mediate Large-Scale Edge Effects in a Lowland Tropical Rainforest in Peninsular Malaysia

Fujinuma, Junichi; Harrison, Rhett D.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037321

Cited by 28 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…in Maliau Basin), yet mostly confined to areas with disturbed soil, along trails, or in treefall gaps (Fujinuma & Harrison ). The predominant agents of direct dispersal of C. hirta are forest‐dwelling birds which are known to consume the small fleshy fruits, whereas wild boar ( Sus scrofa L.) indirectly facilitate spread by soil disturbance (Fujinuma & Harrison ). These consumers do not require roads for movement across the landscape, thus presenting additional explanation for the lack of an evident ‘road signal’ in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Logging, exotic plant invasions, and native plant reassembly in a lowland tropical rain forest

et al. 2017

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Habitat modification and biological invasions are key drivers of global environmental change. However, the extent and impact of exotic plant invasions in modified tropical landscapes remain poorly understood. We examined whether logging drives exotic plant invasions and whether their combined influences alter understory plant community composition in lowland rain forests in Borneo. We tested the relationship between understory communities and local‐ and landscape‐scale logging intensity, using leaf area index (LAI) and aboveground biomass (AGB) data from 192 plots across a logging‐intensity gradient from primary to repeatedly logged forests. Overall, we found relatively low levels of exotic plant invasions, despite an intensive logging history. Exotic species were more speciose, had greater cover, and more biomass in sites with more local‐scale canopy loss. Surprisingly, though, exotic species invasion was not related to either landscape‐scale canopy loss or road configuration. Moreover, logging and invasion did not seem to be acting synergistically on native plant composition, except that seedlings of the canopy‐dominant Dipterocarpaceae family were less abundant in areas with higher exotic plant biomass. Current low levels of invasion, and limited association with native understory community change, suggest there is a window of opportunity to manage invasive impacts. We caution about potential lag effects and the possibly severe negative impacts of exotic plant invasions on the long‐term quality of tropical forest, particularly where agricultural plantations function as permanent seed sources for recurrent dispersal along logging roads. We therefore urge prioritization of strategic management plans to counter the growing threat of exotic plant invasions in modified tropical landscapes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Logging, exotic plant invasions, and native plant reassembly in a lowland tropical rain forest

et al. 2017

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“…Therefore, it may be possible that recruitment was reduced in the logged forest as a consequence of factors other than the logging operation. For example, wild pig activities in the reserve increased around the edge of the forest, which could reflect the availability of food in the oil palm plantation surrounding the forest (Fujinuma and Harrison 2012). Because the logged forest plot was located closer to the forest edge than the primary forest plot (Okuda, Suzuki, et al 2003), wild pigs might have interfered with recruitment in the logged forest plot.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effects of selective logging on dipterocarp populations in the Pasoh Forest Reserve, Malaysia

Yamada

Moriwaki

Okuda

et al. 2016

Plant Ecology & Diversity

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Background: Selective logging alters tree growth, mortality and recruitment, and the subsequent population dynamics of trees. However, little information is available on how tree populations reduce local extinction in logged forests. Aims: We evaluated the effects of selective logging on tree performance and population dynamics of five dominant dipterocarp species in the Pasoh Forest Reserve, Malaysia. Methods: We used demographic data derived from a forest that was selectively logged in 1958 as well as those from an unlogged primary forest and constructed population transition matrix models to project the population dynamics. Results: The dipterocarp species studied showed minor differences in mortality and diameter growth, but there was a large difference in recruitment between logged and unlogged forest; populations in the logged forest had 10 times slower recruitment rates into the smallest size class than those in the primary forest. Population size structures differed between the two forest types but, despite a large difference in the recruitment rates, there were only minor differences in both asymptotic-and matrix-projected population growth rates. Conclusions: A single selective logging event had only minor impacts on the growth rates of dipterocarp trees in the Pasoh forest. But at the same time it had a large impact on the size structure of the dipterocarp populations through a reduction in recruitment showing that the impacts of selective logging are still seen on dipterocarp population after 50 years.

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“…Wild hog foraging disturbances, known as rooting, have generally been shown to facilitate invasive plants (Spatz and Mueller‐Dombois ; Cushman et al. ; Tierney and Cushman ; Fujinuma and Harrison ; Barrios‐Garcia and Simberloff ); some examples of plants species positively associated with wild hog disturbance in the United States include Myrica faya (Stone and Taylor ; Simberloff and Von Holle ), Aira caryophyllea (Kotanen ), Sapium sebiferum (Siemann et al. ), and Holcus lanatus (Spatz and Mueller‐Dombois ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twelve years of repeated wild hog activity promotes population maintenance of an invasive clonal plant in a coastal dune ecosystem

Oldfield

Evans

2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Invasive animals can facilitate the success of invasive plant populations through disturbance. We examined the relationship between the repeated foraging disturbance of an invasive animal and the population maintenance of an invasive plant in a coastal dune ecosystem. We hypothesized that feral wild hog (Sus scrofa) populations repeatedly utilized tubers of the clonal perennial, yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) as a food source and evaluated whether hog activity promoted the long‐term maintenance of yellow nutsedge populations on St. Catherine's Island, Georgia, United States. Using generalized linear mixed models, we tested the effect of wild hog disturbance on permanent sites for yellow nutsedge culm density, tuber density, and percent cover of native plant species over a 12‐year period. We found that disturbance plots had a higher number of culms and tubers and a lower percentage of native live plant cover than undisturbed control plots. Wild hogs redisturbed the disturbed plots approximately every 5 years. Our research provides demographic evidence that repeated foraging disturbances by an invasive animal promote the long‐term population maintenance of an invasive clonal plant. Opportunistic facultative interactions such as we demonstrate in this study are likely to become more commonplace as greater numbers of introduced species are integrated into ecological communities around the world.

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Wild Pigs (Sus scrofa) Mediate Large-Scale Edge Effects in a Lowland Tropical Rainforest in Peninsular Malaysia

Cited by 28 publications

References 49 publications

Logging, exotic plant invasions, and native plant reassembly in a lowland tropical rain forest

Logging, exotic plant invasions, and native plant reassembly in a lowland tropical rain forest

Long-term effects of selective logging on dipterocarp populations in the Pasoh Forest Reserve, Malaysia

Twelve years of repeated wild hog activity promotes population maintenance of an invasive clonal plant in a coastal dune ecosystem

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