Widespread prevalence and molecular epidemiology of tet(X4) and mcr-1 harboring Escherichia coli isolated from chickens in Pakistan

Coexistence of tet (X4), mcr-1 , and bla NDM-5 in ST6775 Escherichia coli Isolates of Animal Origin in China

“…The plasmid pPT62-tetX-108kb was an IncFII type MDR plasmid carrying genes tet (X4), erm (42), sul2 , aac(3)-IId , and floR ( Table 2 ). It has been reported that tet (X4)-harboring IncFII plasmids with high transfer frequency could coexist with mcr-1 -bearing IncI2 or IncHI2 plasmids in one isolate ( 15 , 16 ), implying a potential threat to public health from tet (X4)-bearing IncFII plasmids, and the horizontal spread of tet (X4)-bearing IncFII plasmids should arouse great attention.…”

“…The ST48 E. coli is frequently found to carry the bla NDM-5 -bearing IncX3 plasmid ( 17 ) or the mcr-1 -harboring IncX4 plasmid ( 25 ). The coexistence of tet (X4)-harboring IncFII plasmid and mcr-1 -bearing IncHI2 plasmid in an ST48 or ST6751 E. coli isolate has even been reported ( 16 ). The bla NDM-5 -bearing IncX3 plasmids were widely detected in ST6751 E. coli isolates ( 26 ).…”

Rapid Detection of Multi-Resistance Strains Carrying mcr-1 Gene Using Recombinase-Aided Amplification Directly on Clinical Samples

“…HGT of mcr -1 is a threat to human health, so it is necessary to calculate the efficiency of mcr -1 transfer. The reported transfer efficiency of mcr -1 varies greatly depending on the experimental conditions, methods, and strains, ranging from 10 –9 to 10 –1 ( Anjum et al, 2016 ; Liu et al, 2016 ; Quesada et al, 2016 ; Gutiérrez et al, 2019 ; Lu et al, 2019 ; Li et al, 2022 ). In our study, mcr -1 from all five colistin-resistant strains was successfully transferred into the E. coli J53 recipient strain by conjugation.…”

Mobile Tigecycline Resistance: An Emerging Health Catastrophe Requiring Urgent One Health Global Intervention

“…Publications involving tet (X) genes appear to be more in humans, chickens and pigs, whereas those for tmexCD-toprJ genes appear to be more in humans and chickens. It is important to reiterate that from these ecological niches, the various MTR genes, such as tet (X3/3.2), tet (X4), tet (X5/5.2/5.3), tet (X6), tet (X7), and tet (X18), have been detected in a diversity of bacteria, which include Escherichia , Rauoltella , Myroides , Enterobacter , Citrobacter , Klelbsiella , Shingobacterium multivorum , Proteus , Acinetobacter , Salmonella , Riemerella anatipestifer , and Empedobacter brevis ( Bai et al, 2019 ; He et al, 2019 ; Sun C. et al, 2019 ; Yongchang et al, 2019 ; Li et al, 2020 , 2021a , c , d , 2022 ; Liu et al, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2020a , 2021f ; Zhang et al, 2020a , b ; Chen et al, 2021 ; Cheng et al, 2021a , b ; Soliman et al, 2021 ; Xu et al, 2021 ). Notably, sequence alignment results revealed that tet (X5.2/5.3) genes shared 96.3–100% nucleotide sequence identity with tet (X6) and its variant ( Chen et al, 2020 ; He D. et al, 2020 ; Zheng et al, 2020 ).…”