Widespread occurrence of bisphenol A diglycidyl ethers, p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens), benzophenone type-UV filters, triclosan, and triclocarban in human urine from Athens, Greece

Asimakopoulos, Alexandros G.; Thomaidis, Nikolaos S.; Kannan, Kurunthachalam

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.089

Cited by 186 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In the present study, the maximum estimated daily intake (EDI) for total parabens from swimming pool water, based on body weights of 70 and 15 kg for adults and children, were 5.39 and 15.9 ng kg −1 body weight per day, respectively, indicating that children are more sensitive than adults to the potential health risks. Previous studies have reported that the EDI for the total parabens for adults and children are 74.4 and 40.8 μg kg −1 body weight per day, respectively (Asimakopoulos et al 2014;Ma et al 2013). These values were several orders of magnitude higher than the maximum EDI for the total parabens from swimming pool water, suggesting that human exposure to parabens from swimming pools is negligible.…”

Section: Human Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Epidemiological studies have shown an association between human exposure to parabens and adverse health outcomes (Meeker et al 2011;Savage et al 2012). In March 2011, Denmark has banned the application of propyl paraben, butyl paraben, and their salts in cosmetic products for children under 3 years old (Asimakopoulos et al 2014). Therefore, more attention shoul\d be paid to the potential risks of exposure to these compounds, especially for the children, who are more likely to be adversely affected by environmental contaminants than adults due to their lower body weights, rapidly undergoing behavioral and physical development (Harvey and Everett 2006;Ngo and Maibach 2010).…”

Section: Responsible Editor: Hongwen Sunmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence and human exposure of parabens and their chlorinated derivatives in swimming pools

Shi

Gao

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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As an emerging group of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, parabens have attracted growing attention due to their potential effects on human health. In the present study, the occurrence and distribution of eight parabens, four chlorinated parabens, and their common hydrolysis product, phydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), were investigated in 39 swimming pools in Beijing, China. Methyl paraben and propyl paraben were the predominant compounds in swimming pools, accounting for 91.2 % of the total parabens. It is noteworthy that octyl paraben, a paraben with longer chain, was firstly detected in this study. There were several factors affecting the levels of parabens among the 39 swimming pools. The concentrations of parabens and chlorinated derivatives detected in indoor pools (144 ng L −1 ) were roughly 20-fold higher than those in outdoor pools (6.78 ng L −1 ). Hotel pools appear to present higher level of target compounds (361 ng L −1 ) than that in health club (228 ng L −1 ), municipal (130 ng L −1 ), school (75.6 ng L −1 ), and community pools (63.0 ng L −1 ). Moreover, the level of these compounds in pools during weekends (174 ng L −1 ) was much higher than that during weekdays (52.3 ng L −1 ). The dynamics of target compounds were also investigated to provide a general trend of the level of parabens in a school indoor swimming pool during a 14-week period. Human exposure assessment was conducted to estimate the potential risk of exposure to parabens and their chlorinated derivatives in swimming pools. Considering the total exposure dose of multiple parabens, human exposure to parabens from the water of swimming pools is negligible. However, the threat of these parabens to children in swimming pool should be concerned.

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Section: Human Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Responsible Editor: Hongwen Sunmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and human exposure of parabens and their chlorinated derivatives in swimming pools

Shi

Gao

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…According to the human exposure studies available on BPA-A, equivalent values to those of BPA were found in urine for BPS and BPF, at average levels of about 10 -9 -10 -10 M, (Zhou et al, 2014). BPB and BADGE were detected infrequently and their levels were around 10 -9 M (Cobellis et al, 2009;Cunha and Fernandes, 2010;Wang et al, 2012Wang et al, , 2015Asimakopoulos et al, 2014). The significant BPA-A-induced suppression of testosterone found here occurred for exposure at lower concentrations (generally 10 -6 -10 -8 M) than that observed for BPA.…”

Section: Inhibin Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel assessment of the effects of bisphenol A and several of its analogs on the adult human testis

et al. 2017

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WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY:The few epidemiologic studies performed suggest that bisphenols have potential endocrine disruptive properties, but they did not identify clear and direct patterns of endocrine disruption. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION:Adult human testis explants in culture were exposed to BPA and the analogs bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol E (BPE), bisphenol B (BPB), and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) at 10 -9 to 10 -5 M for 24 h or 48h.PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Human adult testes were obtained from prostate cancer patients who had no hormone therapy, or from multiorgan donors. After ex vivo exposure to the investigated bisphenols, the measured outcomes were related to histopathology (gross morphology and germ cell viability determined by anti-caspase 3 immunohistochemistry), and the levels of testosterone, insulin-like fator 3 and inhibin B were measured using immunoassays. The levels of mRNA encoding key enzymes of bisphenol biotransformation were investigated by quantitative PCR: UGT2B15 UDP (glucuronosyltransferase two family, polypeptide B15), GUSB (glucuronidase beta), SULT1A1 and 3 (sulfotransferase family 1 A member 1 and 3) and STS (steroid sulfatase). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: A significant dose-dependent inhibition wasfound between testosterone levels measured in the culture medium and concentrations of BPA The active concentrations of BPA and BPA-A used in the study were higher than those found in human biological fluids. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS:Under our experimental conditions, direct exposure to BPA or BPA-A can result in endocrine disturbance in the adult human testis.

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“…The EC50 value of TCS calculated using the Microtox ® test received 0.08 mg/L. The negative impact of low concentration of TCS on living organisms resulted from its antibacterial properities, which contributed to a widespread use of this compound in several personal care products [10,11]. Thus, the concentration of this compound detected in European and American rivers ranged from 0.0006 to 2.3 µg/L [12].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological analysis of water mixtures of organic micropollutants subjected to UV irradiation

Kudlek

2018

E3S Web Conf.

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Abstract. The paper presents the toxicological analysis of water solutions of micropollutants from different groups i.e. industrial additives, pharmaceutical compounds, hormones, UV blockers and pesticides before and after their exposure to UV light. The toxicological response of both Microtox ® and Daphtoxkit F ® test, increased with the increase of the compound concentration. Triclosan water solution was considered as the most toxic. The lowest toxic effect was observed for Imidacloprid and Octyl-methoxycinnamate solutions. The exposure of Benzocaine, Octyl-methoxycinnamate and Triclosan water solutions to UV light led to an increase of their toxicity. An inverse relationship was observed for Imidacloprid and 17α-Ethinylestradiol solutions.

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Widespread occurrence of bisphenol A diglycidyl ethers, p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens), benzophenone type-UV filters, triclosan, and triclocarban in human urine from Athens, Greece

Cited by 186 publications

References 38 publications

Occurrence and human exposure of parabens and their chlorinated derivatives in swimming pools

Occurrence and human exposure of parabens and their chlorinated derivatives in swimming pools

Parallel assessment of the effects of bisphenol A and several of its analogs on the adult human testis

Toxicological analysis of water mixtures of organic micropollutants subjected to UV irradiation

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