Widespread exposure of powerful owls to second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides in Australia spans an urban to agricultural and forest landscape

Cooke, Raylene; Whiteley, Pam; Yun, Jimmy; Death, Clare; Weston, Michael A.; Carter, Nicholas; White, John G.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153024

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This was also evident in recent research on powerful owls Ninox strenua 2 whereby extensive poisoning by SGARs was detected with 83% (15 of 18) of dead powerful owls tested showing detectable levels of SGARs in their livers. Some SGAR levels in powerful owls were likely lethal, and others would have caused significant toxicological impacts 2 …”

supporting

confidence: 57%

“…Further to this, there is growing evidence that non‐target poisoning of non‐rodent species (e.g. possums) is leading to considerable leakage of these toxins into the wider predator community, i.e., non‐rodent hunters 2,3 . Secondary poisoning and non‐target poisoning of predators is documented extensively in the northern hemisphere 12 and is also now emerging as a significant issue in Australia with recent empirical evidence in southern boobooks Ninox boobook 1 and Tasmanian wedge‐tailed eagles Aquila audax fleayi 3 demonstrating high proportions of these species having SGARs in their livers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…possums) is leading to considerable leakage of these toxins into the wider predator community, i.e., non-rodent hunters. 2,3 Secondary poisoning and non-target poisoning of predators is documented extensively in the northern hemisphere 12 and is also now emerging as a significant issue in Australia with recent empirical evidence in southern boobooks Ninox boobook 1 and Tasmanian wedgetailed eagles Aquila audax fleayi 3 demonstrating high proportions of these species having SGARs in their livers. This was also evident in recent research on powerful owls Ninox strenua 2 whereby extensive poisoning by SGARs was detected with 83% (15 of 18) of dead powerful owls tested showing detectable levels of SGARs in their livers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Successful rehabilitation and release of a powerful owl chick with suspected rodenticide poisoning

Cooke,

Carter,

Groves

et al. 2023

Aust Veterinary J

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The successful rehabilitation and release of raptor chicks can be challenging, especially when the chicks are still in the post‐fledging dependency period. Here, we report on a recently fledged powerful owl chick that was held in care for 33 days before being successfully reunited with its parents. We document the steps undertaken during the entire process from collection from the wild to post‐release monitoring and recommend clinical procedures for treatment of raptors entering veterinary facilities. Success of this rehabilitation was facilitated by early care and treatment for potential rodenticide poisoning, as well as the integration of citizen scientists monitoring the family unit in the field while the chick was in care and during the post‐release period. Given the emerging evidence of widespread rodenticide poisoning in raptors both in Australia and globally, it is critical to suspect all raptors may have been exposed to anticoagulant rodenticides and commence treatment with vitamin K immediately. Routine treatment for rodenticides early increases the probability of successful recovery post‐trauma as well as reducing the time in treatment as much as possible.

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supporting

confidence: 57%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Successful rehabilitation and release of a powerful owl chick with suspected rodenticide poisoning

Cooke,

Carter,

Groves

et al. 2023

Aust Veterinary J

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“…Indeed, the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (the CMS, or Bonn Convention) highlighted secondary exposure to ARs as one of the most important toxicological hazards for migratory birds (CMS, 2014). The high acute toxicity and persistence of ARs in animal tissues, especially of SGARs, has led to their becoming ubiquitous in rodent-predator-scavenger food webs (López-Perea and Mateo, 2018;Pay et al, 2021;Elliott et al, 2022;Cooke et al, 2022). Baits containing ARs may be consumed by a number of non-target primary consumers (e. g., invertebrates, fish, wild birds and mammals), increasing the risk of exposure across the entire food web (Shore and Coeurdassier, 2018;Regnery et al, 2020;Alabau et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides in the blood of obligate and facultative European avian scavengers

Oliva‐Vidal

Martínez

Sánchez-Barbudo

et al. 2022

Environmental Pollution

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“…Water sources and even the ecological environment can be contaminated by BDF via secondary poisoning of scavengers and other animals that enter the food chain (Rattner & Harvey, 2021; Regnery et al, 2019). BDF has been detected in powerful owls ( Ninox strenua ), suggesting that BDF has already contaminated the food chain of the nontargeted animals (Cooke et al, 2022). Another study showed the presence of BDF in the liver of birds, with the highest concentration of 7,809 ng/g in Norway (Walther, Geduhn, Schenke, & Jacob, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental toxicity induced by brodifacoum in zebrafish (Danio rerio) early life stages

Jiang

et al. 2022

Birth Defects Research

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Objectives The present study mainly focused on the assessment of developmental toxicity induced by exposure to brodifacoum (BDF) in zebrafish at early life stages. Material and Methods Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/L of BDF from 6 to 96 hr post‐fertilization (hpf), and the toxic effects of BDF on early embryonic development were investigated in terms of morphological changes, oxidative stress, and alterations in heart development‐related genes. Results The experimental results showed that BDF significantly decreased the heart rate, survival rate, body length, and spontaneous movements of zebrafish embryos at 0.8 mg/L, and the morphological developmental abnormalities were also observed at 96 hpf. In addition, exposure to BDF significantly increased oxidative stress levels in zebrafish embryos by increasing the enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels. Furthermore, BDF treatment‐induced alterations in the expression levels of the heart development‐related genes (gata4, sox9b, tbx2b, and nppa). Conclusion Results from this study indicated that exposure to BDF could lead to marked growth inhibition and significantly alter the activities of antioxidant enzymes in zebrafish embryos. Moreover, BDF exposure exhibited severe cardiotoxicity and significantly disrupted heart development‐related genes. The results indicated that BDF could induce developmental and cardiac toxicity in zebrafish embryos.

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Widespread exposure of powerful owls to second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides in Australia spans an urban to agricultural and forest landscape

Cited by 17 publications

References 56 publications

Successful rehabilitation and release of a powerful owl chick with suspected rodenticide poisoning

Successful rehabilitation and release of a powerful owl chick with suspected rodenticide poisoning

Second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides in the blood of obligate and facultative European avian scavengers

Developmental toxicity induced by brodifacoum in zebrafish (Danio rerio) early life stages

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