Second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides in the blood of obligate and facultative European avian scavengers

Oliva‐Vidal, Pilar; Martínez, José María Blasco; Sánchez-Barbudo, Inés S.; Camarero, Pablo R.; Colomer, M. Angels; Margalida, Antoni; Mateo, Rafael

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120385

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Other pesticides (organochlorines) and strychnine were detected as well, though less frequently. Moreover, rodenticides were found in only 8% of tested birds, a low prevalence that is comparable with that found in the population of Griffon Vultures in the Pyrenees (Oliva-Vidal et al 2022b). The prevalence of carbamates (among which carbofuran and aldicarb dominated, although both have been banned since 2007–2008) is a recurrent trait in both scavengers and wildlife poisoning issues and these substances have been found to affect several species in different geographical areas (Estrada Pacheco et al 2020, Guitart et al 2010, Hernández and Margalida 2009, Plaza et al 2019b, Safford et al 2019).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Reported mortality of Griffon VultureGyps fulvusin central Italy and indications for conservation and management

Posillico¹,

Costanzo

Bottoni

et al. 2023

Bird Conservation International

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Summary Vultures are long-lived species sensitive to human-caused mortality that has already determined a widespread collapse in Asian and African populations. They provide significant ecosystem services (regulatory and cultural) consuming livestock carcasses and saving greenhouse gas emissions, favouring nutrient recycling, environmental sanitation, and providing financial revenue. Appraising the incidence and causes of mortality could help to improve management and conservation actions. We compiled records of reported mortalities for the reintroduced Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus population of the central Apennines in Italy (123 cases, July 1994–December 2020). The average mortality was 4.69 vultures per year (± 1.14 SE), with no significant temporal trend. The peak of mortality events, estimated by harmonic regression analysis, was in March, while the minimum occurred in October. No differences were found among age classes and sex ratio mortality was established at 1.43:1 (M:F, N = 68). Out of 103 (83.7%) vultures which underwent a post-mortem and toxicological screening, 53% were poisoned, mainly by carbamates, and 27% died of unknown causes. Overall, direct or indirect anthropogenic mortality caused 67% of deaths. Even considering an inherent bias associated with reported mortality as to the prevalence of causes of death and estimation of mortality rates, the overwhelming relevance of poisoning highlights that existing anti-poisoning efforts should be refined and incorporated into a coordinated multidisciplinary strategy. A standardised approach, from vulture carcass discovery to post-mortem procedures and toxicological analysis, should be applied to reduce uncertainty in the determination of causes of death, increasing effectiveness in the prosecution of wildlife crimes. As most of the poisoning cases affecting the Griffon Vulture population in the central Apennines likely represent a side (though illegal) effect of retaliatory efforts to defeat livestock predators, effective strategies in reducing human–wildlife conflicts should be applied.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Reported mortality of Griffon VultureGyps fulvusin central Italy and indications for conservation and management

Posillico¹,

Costanzo

Bottoni

et al. 2023

Bird Conservation International

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“…For endangered and threatened species, loss of individuals can be critical. Thus, a lower guideline is likely to be preferred, particularly for populations experiencing a high incidence of SGAR exposure (Berny & Gaillet, 2008; Coeurdassier et al, 2019; Cooke et al, 2022; Herring et al, 2022; Hindmarch et al, 2017; Hong et al, 2019; Huang et al, 2016; Oliva‐Vidal et al, 2022; Pay et al, 2021; Roos et al, 2021). At the 50% probability of toxicosis in the Tytonidea, the concentration is 40 ng g −1 , and could be considered as a guideline for listed species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anticoagulant rodenticide exposure can occur from primary direct consumption of bait, and in the case of predators and scavengers, by secondary consumption of target or nontarget rodents and other prey species (Elliott et al, 2014; Geduhn et al, 2014; López‐Perea & Mateo, 2018; Newton et al, 1990; Walther et al, 2020). Use of ARs in many agricultural, commercial, and residential applications has led to geographically widespread reports of contamination and poisoning of predators and scavengers, particularly terrestrial birds (Badry et al, 2021, 2022; Elliott et al, 2022; Herring & Eagles‐Smith, 2017; Herring et al, 2022; Hong et al, 2019; Lohr, 2018; López‐Perea & Mateo, 2018; Nakayama et al, 2019; Okoniewski et al, 2021; Oliva‐Vidal et al, 2022; Pay et al, 2021; Rattner & Harvey, 2020; Rial‐Berriel et al, 2021; Serieys et al, 2019; Thornton et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticoagulant Rodenticide Toxicity in Terrestrial Raptors: Tools to Estimate the Impact on Populations in North America and Globally

Elliott,

Silverthorn,

English

et al. 2024

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) have caused widespread contamination and poisoning of predators and scavengers. The diagnosis of toxicity proceeds from evidence of hemorrhage, and subsequent detection of residues in liver. Many factors confound the assessment of AR poisoning, particularly exposure dose, timing and frequency of exposure, and individual and taxon‐specific variables. There is a need, therefore, for better AR toxicity criteria. To respond, we compiled a database of second‐generation anticoagulant rodenticide (SGAR) residues in liver and postmortem evaluations of 951 terrestrial raptor carcasses from Canada and the United States, 1989 to 2021. We developed mixed‐effects logistic regression models to produce specific probability curves of the toxicity of ∑SGARs at the taxonomic level of the family, and separately for three SGARs registered in North America, brodifacoum, bromadiolone, and difethialone. The ∑SGAR threshold concentrations for diagnosis of coagulopathy at 0.20 probability of risk were highest for strigid owls (15 ng g−1) lower and relatively similar for accipitrid hawks and eagles (8.2 ng g−1) and falcons (7.9 ng g−1), and much lower for tytonid barn owls (0.32 ng g−1). These values are lower than those we found previously, due to compilation and use of a larger database with a mix of species and source locations, and also to refinements in the statistical methods. Our presentation of results on the family taxonomic level should aid in the global applicability of the numbers. We also collated a subset of 440 single‐compound exposure events and determined the probability of SGAR‐poisoning symptoms as a function of SGAR concentration, which we then used to estimate relative SGAR toxicity and toxic equivalence factors: difethialone, 1, brodifacoum, 0.8, and bromadiolone, 0.5. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1–11. © 2024 His Majesty the King in Right of Canada and The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada.

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“…Subsequently, this population has made a notable recovery, reaching 18 breeding pairs in 2022. Despite the overall recovery observed across the Iberian Peninsula, the Iberian population faces several threats, including the illegal use of poisons, secondary poisoning, lead poisoning, environmental pesticides, collisions with energy distribution infrastructure, landscape transformation, and shortages of its carrion food due to sanitary regulations (Donázar et al 2009;Hernández and Margalida 2008;Oliva-Vidal et al 2022a, 2022bPérez-García et al 2022;Vasilakis et al 2016). Our study used GPS-tracking data collected from vultures reintroduced to the Catalan Pyrenees (the areas around Boumort and Alinyà, Lleida province, north-east Spain).…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement ecology of pre-adult Cinereous Vultures Aegypius monachus: insights from a reintroduced population

Tobajas,

Iglesias-Lebrija,

Delepoulle

et al. 2024

Bird Conservation International

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Summary Understanding the movement ecology of threatened species is fundamental to improving management and conservation actions for their protection, mainly during the pre-adult stage and particularly when a species is subject to population reinforcement or reintroduction projects. An example is the case of the Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus on the Iberian Peninsula, an endangered species that has been reintroduced in different regions during the last two decades. Here, we explore differences between the spatial ecology of reintroduced pre-adult Cinereous Vultures, according to age-class, sex, and season (breeding and non-breeding). We used GPS-tag data from 51 pre-adult individuals reintroduced into Catalonia (north-east Spain) to describe their use of space, i.e. home-range size, core area, and minimum convex polygon (MCP) and movement patterns, i.e. cumulative distance, maximum displacement, maximum daily dispersal, and maximum annual dispersal. Our study showed significant variation in the use of space and movement patterns among pre-adult birds and the influences of age, sex, and season. Age was the most influential factor, determining range areas and movement patterns. Similar to other vulture species, home range and core areas increase with age, with subadult vultures exhibiting larger ranges than young first year, juveniles, and immature birds, but the MCP measures were larger for juveniles. Movement patterns were also influenced by age-class, with juveniles making longer movements, followed by immatures and subadults (with similar values), and shorter movements for birds during their first year of life. Overall, males made shorter movements and explored smaller foraging areas than females. Season had an important effect on movement patterns, and the daily and dispersal movements were longer during the breeding period (February–August). Our findings fill a knowledge gap regarding the dispersal behaviours of Cinereous Vultures, information that will enable the improvement of management and conservation decisions.

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Second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides in the blood of obligate and facultative European avian scavengers

Cited by 25 publications

References 85 publications

Reported mortality of Griffon VultureGyps fulvusin central Italy and indications for conservation and management

Reported mortality of Griffon VultureGyps fulvusin central Italy and indications for conservation and management

Anticoagulant Rodenticide Toxicity in Terrestrial Raptors: Tools to Estimate the Impact on Populations in North America and Globally

Movement ecology of pre-adult Cinereous Vultures Aegypius monachus: insights from a reintroduced population

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