Widespread distribution of Xanthomonas perforans and limited presence of X. gardneri in Brazil

Araújo, Edivânio Rodrigues de; Costa, Joyce Maria Gomes da; Ferreira, Maria Lurdes; Quezado-Duval, A. M.

doi:10.1111/ppa.12543

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…A similar situation was reported from tomato‐growing areas in Ohio and Michigan (USA), where an increase in X. gardneri populations was recorded although X. euvesicatoria was the prevalent bacterial species on tomato previously (Ma et al ., ). A recent study from Brazil highlighted that over 92% of the isolates obtained from bacterial spot of tomato across the country were X. perforans while only 7.5% were X. gardneri (Araújo et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Monitoring the occurrence of tomato bacterial spot and range of the causal agent Xanthomonas perforans in Iran

et al. 2016

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A 2-year comprehensive field survey was conducted across major tomato-growing areas of Iran. Two hundred and thirty-four tomato fields and six tomato-producing greenhouses were surveyed for the potential presence of bacterial spot disease. Five hundred and ninety-six tomato samples with and without symptoms were analysed. While Xanthomonas spp. were found in association with tomato plants both with and without symptoms from five surveyed counties, the bacterial spot disease was observed only in plants from three of them. Only strains isolated from plants with symptoms induced disease symptoms on tomato, while those isolated from symptomless plants caused symptoms only on cabbage and common bean. None of the isolates caused disease symptoms on pepper and eggplant. Phylogenetic analysis showed that X. perforans is the causal agent of tomato bacterial spot in Iran, although X. campestris and X. axonopodis were also associated with symptomless tomato plants. All X. perforans isolates in this study were sensitive to streptomycin, copper sulphate and copper oxychloride at concentrations of 50 mg L À1 , 200 mg L À1 and 0.8 g L À1 , respectively. Unlike the type strain of X. perforans, isolates in this study did not produce bacteriocin against other Xanthomonas spp., nor were they detected using the usual species-specific primer pair Bs-XpF/Bs-XpR. This suggests an atypical nature of X. perforans strains in Iran, which leads to the hypothesis that X. perforans strains in Iran may have a separate origin to those causing disease epidemics elsewhere. The aggregated dispersal pattern of the diseased tomato fields signifies the seedborne introduction of the pathogen into the country.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Monitoring the occurrence of tomato bacterial spot and range of the causal agent Xanthomonas perforans in Iran

et al. 2016

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“…euvesicatoria, X. gardneri, X. perforans e X. vesicatoria. Nas principais regiões produtoras do Brasil, os primeiros estudos de epidemias da mancha bacteriana em tomate para processamento indicavam a prevalência da espécie X. gardneri (Quezado-Duval et al, 2004). Entretanto, segundo levantamentos mais recentes, a ocorrência de X. perforans tem aumentado e passou a prevalecer nos campos de tomate para processamento na região central do país (Araújo et al, 2016). Essas bactérias podem sobreviver em restos culturais, sementes, plantas daninhas e plantas voluntárias (Quezado-Duval & Lopes, 2010), o que dificulta a eliminação das fontes de inó-culo.…”

Section: Researchunclassified

Volume de aplicação e eficiência do controle químico da mancha bacteriana em tomateiro industrial

et al. 2017

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Application volume and efficiency of bacterial spot chemical control in processing tomatoesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of copper hydroxide (HC) and acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) volume used in spray application on the control of bacterial spot in processing tomatoes. Three trials were carried out in 2010, one in Brasília, Federal District, Brazil (trial 1), and two in Morrinhos, Goiás State, Brazil (trials 2 and 3). The volumes used were 250 and 500 L/ha at weekly applications with a total of 13 applications. In the third trial, the number of ASM applications was reduced to eight, and the following applications were made with HC. After the second application, plants were artificially inoculated with Xanthomonas perforans (trials 1 and 2) and X. gardneri (trial 3). The variables analyzed, according to the trial, were disease severity, yield and the benefit/cost ratio. In all trials, the volume affected the products efficiency, with greater reduction of disease when applying a volume of 500 L/ha. The effect of treatments in the productivity was variable. The treatment with ASM-HC at 250 L/ha had the highest benefit/cost ratio, followed by the treatment with HC 500 L/ha.

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“…MLSA and MLVA are commonly used tools to characterize bacterial spot of tomato (BST) outbreaks and epidemics caused by X. perforans worldwide (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28). MLSA-based analysis of X. perforans revealed two subgroups in a global collection of strains (28).…”

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Molecular Epidemiology ofXanthomonas perforansOutbreaks in Tomato Plants from Transplant to Field as Determined by Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis

Abrahamian

Timilsina

Minsavage

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Outbreaks of bacterial spot on tomato (BST) caused by Xanthomonas perforans are a major concern for sustainable crop production. BST is a common occurrence in tomato transplants grown for field production. We hypothesized that BST outbreaks in commercial fields originate from X. perforans strains inadvertently introduced from commercial transplant facilities. To test this hypothesis, we used a genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis to characterize X. perforans strains recovered from tomato transplant facilities and fields in commercial production areas. X. perforans strains were isolated from symptomatic transplants prior to roguing at two commercial transplant growers. Then, the same groups of transplants were tracked to commercial fields to recover X. perforans strains from diseased plants prior to harvest. Whole-genome sequencing was carried out on 84 strains isolated from transplant and field plants from Florida and South Carolina. SNPs were called using three reference strains that represented the genetic variation of the sampled strains. Field strains showing genetic similarity to transplant strains had a difference of 2 to 210 SNPs. Transplant and field strains clustered together by grower within each phylogenomic group, consistent with expectations. The range of genetic divergence among strains isolated from field plants was similar to the range obtained from strains on transplants. Using the range of genetic variation observed in transplants, we estimate that 60% to 100% of field strains were an extension of the transplant strain population. Our results stress the importance of BST management to reduce X. perforans movement from transplant to field and to minimize subsequent disease outbreaks. IMPORTANCE Current management of Xanthomonas perforans on tomato plants mainly relies on the frequent application of pesticides. However, the lack of effective pesticides and the development of strain tolerance to certain bactericides limit the ability to control outbreaks in production fields. Better knowledge of probable sources of X. perforans inoculum during tomato production is required to refine management strategies. Tomato plants are typically established in the field using transplants. This study aimed to determine if strains from field epidemics were coming from transplant facilities or resulted from local field outbreaks. The overall goal was to identify potential sources of inoculum and subsequently develop strategies to reduce carryover from transplant production to the field. Our results indicate that tomato producers should shift disease management efforts to transplant facilities to reduce disease in the field. Improved transplant health should reduce the likelihood of bacterial spot outbreaks and subsequently reduce pesticide usage in the field.

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Widespread distribution of Xanthomonas perforans and limited presence of X. gardneri in Brazil

Cited by 32 publications

References 34 publications

Monitoring the occurrence of tomato bacterial spot and range of the causal agent Xanthomonas perforans in Iran

Monitoring the occurrence of tomato bacterial spot and range of the causal agent Xanthomonas perforans in Iran

Volume de aplicação e eficiência do controle químico da mancha bacteriana em tomateiro industrial

Molecular Epidemiology ofXanthomonas perforansOutbreaks in Tomato Plants from Transplant to Field as Determined by Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis

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