Widespread changes in transcriptome profile of human mesenchymal stem cells induced by two-dimensional nanosilicates

Abstract

SignificanceWe demonstrate the use of next-generation sequencing technology (RNA-seq) to understand the effect of a two-dimensional nanomaterial on human stem cells at the whole-transcriptome level. Our results identify more than 4,000 genes that are significantly affected, and several biophysical and biochemical pathways are triggered by nanoparticle treatment. We expect that this systematic approach to understand widespread changes in gene expression due to nanomaterial exposure is key to develop new bioactive materials for biomedical applications.

2D Nanoclay for Biomedical Applications: Regenerative Medicine, Therapeutic Delivery, and Additive Manufacturing

“…A recent study has shown that after mixing nanoclay with cell culture media containing serum, a significant increase in hydrodynamic diameter (D H ) from ~45 nm to ~90 nm and a decrease in zeta potential () from -40 mV to -25 mV are observed. [13] These results indicate that serum protein is physically adsorbed on nanoclay surface via electrostatic interactions. The adsorption of protein onto nanoparticle surfaces dictate nanoparticle-cellular interactions.…”

“…Transmission electron microscopy images have shown diameter of individual nanoclay ~20-50 nm and atomic force microscopy have shown a thickness of 1-2 nm (Fig 2b). [13] Due to random thermal motions of the nanoclay and charge distribution, the individual nanoclay sheets begin to orient in an edge-to-face arrangement that allows for faster exfoliation. Increased nanoclay concentrations exfoliate faster due to the formation of a macroscopic network that holds the individual sheet in position with electrostatic forces, while the tactoid exfoliates.…”

“…[43] Interestingly, whole-transcriptome analysis of nanoclay-treated human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) demonstrated differential expression related to actin polymerization and mobility, potentially due to the presence of Mg 2+ . [13] Next, Li + activates Wnt-responsive genes by elevating cytoplasmic β-catenin [44][45][46] and Wnt signaling in turn stimulates osteogenesis as well as glycosaminoglycan synthesis in vivo and in vitro, respectively. [44,47] Lastly, Si and Si(OH) 4 are essential for metabolic processes, angiogenesis during bone regeneration, and calcification of bone tissue.…”

Multifunctional Nanoengineered Hydrogels Consisting of Black Phosphorus Nanosheets Upregulate Bone Formation

“…Recently, many efforts have demonstrated that novel degradable 2D nanomaterials especially nanoclay particles and black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets with excellent bioactivity could induce osteogenic differentiation of stem cells . The innate osteoinductive performance of nanoclay were attributed to both biophysical properties (size, physical shape, and surface charge) and biochemical signaling (mineral ions dissolution products) of the nanomaterials, whereas the remarkable osteoinduction capability of BP were mainly mediated by in situ phosphorus driven, calcium‐extracted mineralized extracellular matrix during the process of BP degradation .…”

Subtoxic dose of lithium cobalt oxide nanosheets impacts critical molecular pathways in trout gill epithelial cells

“…Whole transcriptome analysis using RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) is an effective approach to uncover changes in gene expression and molecular processes that might be impacted by NP exposures, [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] including exposures to low or subtoxic NP concentrations. [14][15][16] Recent work found human lung cells exposed to a non-cytotoxic dose of TiO 2 NPs for 24 h resulted in over 2000 differentially expressed genes as compared to unexposed cells.…”