Widening socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in six Western European countries

Mackenbach, Johan P.; Bos, Vivian; Andersen, Otto; Cardano, Mario; Costa, Giuseppe; Harding, Seeromanie; Reid, Alison; Hemström, Örjan; Valkonen, Tapani; Kunst, Anton E.

doi:10.1093/ije/dyg209

Cited by 663 publications

(460 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Social inequalities in health have been widely documented and studied in many countries (Bartley et al 1998;Mackenbach 2006). Increasing research has recently focused on examining systematic differences in the magnitude of inequalities between regions, countries or groups of countries (Mackenbach et al 2008;Bambra and Eikemo 2009;Eikemo et al 2008b) and trends in health inequalities within countries Avendano et al 2005;Mackenbach et al 2003;Lahelma et al 2002;Dalstra et al 2002;Mazzuco and Suhrcke 2010 online first).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing research has recently focused on examining systematic differences in the magnitude of inequalities between regions, countries or groups of countries (Mackenbach et al 2008;Bambra and Eikemo 2009;Eikemo et al 2008b) and trends in health inequalities within countries Avendano et al 2005;Mackenbach et al 2003;Lahelma et al 2002;Dalstra et al 2002;Mazzuco and Suhrcke 2010 online first). As of currently, research has shown that health inequalities in Europe have increased in some but not all countries and that there is considerable variation in the corresponding trends by gender, health or socio-economic indicator and measure of inequality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changing health inequalities in Germany from 1994 to 2008 between employed and unemployed adults

Kroll

Lampert

2011

Int J Public Health

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Objectives:Unemployment is a major determinant of health. We investigate whether health inequalities with regards to employment status have changed in Germany. Methods:We used longitudinal data for the years 1994 to 2008 from a representative panel study (GSOEP). The sample consisted of respondents aged 30 to 59 years (15 waves, 21,329 persons, 129,526 observations). We analyzed trends and determinants of self-rated health status by employment status using logistic regression and fixedeffects logistic panel models. Results:Health inequalities by employment status increased significantly by 72% in men and by 16% in women after controlling covariates. The trends were partly mediated by consequences of unemployment such as income loss, income poverty, life satisfaction and economic sorrows. Using regression models for panel data we confirmed that the observed increases in health inequalities at the population level also exist at the individual level. Discussion:Altogether, our findings indicate that health inequalities with regards to employment status increased among men between 1994 und 2008. This observation is in line with increasing income inequalities in Germany and with increasing health inequalities in other European countries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing health inequalities in Germany from 1994 to 2008 between employed and unemployed adults

Kroll

Lampert

2011

Int J Public Health

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“…It is well documented that lower socioeconomic position (SEP) is associated with poorer health (The World Bank, 1993;Wilkinson and Marmot, 2006), even in highly developed welfare societies (Mackenbach et al, 1997;Kunst et al, 1999;Silventoinen and Lahelma, 2002;Mackenbach et al, 2003;Strand and Tverdal, 2004;Roos et al, 2005;Rognerud and Zahl, 2006). Much of the social inequalities in health are due to lifestyle diseases (Kunst et al, 1999;Mackenbach et al, 2003;Strand and Tverdal, 2004;Avendano et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much of the social inequalities in health are due to lifestyle diseases (Kunst et al, 1999;Mackenbach et al, 2003;Strand and Tverdal, 2004;Avendano et al, 2006). Previous studies indicate a more healthy diet among those in higher social classes (Perrin et al, 2002;Giskes et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between food patterns, socioeconomic position and working situation among adult, working women and men in Oslo

2010

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“…Viele Studien haben gezeigt, dass sich soziale Benachteiligung auf die chancen der Betroffenen auswirken kann, ein hohes Lebensalter zu erreichen (Valkonen 2006;Doblhammer et al 2008). Die Diskrepanz nimmt dabei keineswegs ab: neuere Studien, etwa für Österreich (Doblhammer et al 2005;Schwarz 2005;rau et al 2008), aber auch für andere europäische und nordamerikanische Staaten (Mackenbach et al 2003;kunst et al 2004;Valkonen 2006) Sind es nur unterschiedliche Verhaltensweisen, die die (wachsenden) sozioökono-mischen Diskrepanzen in der Sterblichkeit begründen? Oder lassen sich andere Faktoren anführen?…”

Section: Gesundheit: Sozioökonomische Faktoren Und Langlebigkeitunclassified

Learning to live long

Vaupel

Hofäcker²

2009

Z Erziehungswiss

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S c h w e r p u n k t Zusammenfassung: Die wahrscheinlichkeit, dass Menschen ein hohes Alter erreichen, ist im vergangenen Jahrhundert in den industrialisierten Ländern erheblich gestiegen. Sinkende Geburten- und Sterberaten haben zu einer veränderten Bevölkerungsstruktur geführt. In den kommenden Jahrzehnten wird die Bevölkerung in Deutschland rasch altern. Diese neue demografische Lage erfordert Anpassungen und umdenken auf persönlicher und sozialpolitischer ebene. wir argumentieren, dass die Förderung von Bildung über alle Lebensphasen und Bevölkerungsgruppen hinweg im Zentrum der Anpassungsstrategien stehen muss. Das gilt beispielsweise in Bezug auf Gesundheit, denn künftige Belastungen der sozialen Sicherungssysteme und die gesamtwirtschaftliche Leistungsfähigkeit hängen auch davon ab, in welchem Gesundheitszustand die wachsende Zahl älterer Menschen sein wird. Bildung kann ein gesundheitsförderndes Verhalten unterstützen und damit die chancen erhöhen, dass ein Mensch ein langes, aktives Leben führen kann. Zudem kommen Aus-und Weiterbildung durch den demografischen Wandel eine noch höhere Bedeutung im Arbeitsleben zu, da durch die Veränderungen in der Bevölkerungsstruktur eine Verlängerung der Lebensarbeitszeit und eine gleichmäßigere Verteilung der Arbeit über den Lebenslauf notwendig werden. Bildung ist eine Investition, die sich auch und gerade bei der Aussicht auf ein langes Leben lohnt und das Fundament bildet, auf dem Menschen ihr Leben eigenverantwortlich führen, sich persönlich und beruflich entwickeln und ihren Lebensunterhalt sichern können.Schlüsselwörter: Langlebigkeit · Lebenserwartung · Demografischer Wandel · Bildung · Arbeit Learning to live longAbstract: In the industrialized world the probability of people reaching higher ages has risen substantially over the past decade. Falling birth and mortality rates have led to changes in the population structure. In Germany, the population will be aging rapidly over the next (decades), with the new demographic situation necessitating adjustment and re-orientation on the individual and sociopolitical level. we argue that the adjustment strategies should focus on the promotion of education across all phases of life and population groups. this applies to the issue of health, for example, Z erziehungswiss (2009) since future strains on the social welfare system and macroeconomic performance are affected, among other factors, by the state of health of the growing number of elderly people. education boosts health-promoting behavior, thus increasing the chances of an individual enjoying a long, active life. Besides, educational training and professional development are gaining importance owing to demographic change as the changes in the population structure will require individuals to work longer over their working lives and lead to a more even distribution of gainful employment across the life course. education is a worthwhile investment, in particular as the prospects for long life are rising and because it enables people to lead their lives as responsi...

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Widening socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in six Western European countries

Abstract: Reducing socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in Western Europe critically depends upon speeding up mortality declines from cardiovascular diseases in lower socioeconomic groups, and countering mortality increases from several other causes of death in lower socioeconomic groups.

Cited by 663 publications

References 17 publications

Changing health inequalities in Germany from 1994 to 2008 between employed and unemployed adults

Changing health inequalities in Germany from 1994 to 2008 between employed and unemployed adults

Associations between food patterns, socioeconomic position and working situation among adult, working women and men in Oslo

Learning to live long

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