Wide-scale installation of insecticide-treated curtains confers high levels of protection against malaria transmission in a hyperendemic area of Burkina Faso

Cuzin-Ouattara, N.; Broek, A.H.A. Van den; Habluetzel, Annette; Diabaté, Abdoulaye; Sanogo-Ilboudo, E.; Diallo, Diadier; Cousens, Simon; Esposito, Fulvio

doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(99)90343-7

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Poorer households are still more likely to be inadequately protected and at low coverage rates unimpregnated bednets may even increase transmission in children [20]. Covering the eaves of houses with insecticide impregnated netting or installing netting ceilings has been shown to reduce mosquito entry rates and malaria transmission in continental Africa [21,22]. Such systems could be installed in houses with eaves in São Tomé.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Charlwood¹,

Pinto

Ferrara

et al. 2003

Malar J

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Background: In many parts of continental Africa house construction does not appear to impede entry of malaria vectors and, given their generally late biting cycle, the great majority of transmission takes place indoors. In contrast, many houses in São Tomé, 140 km off the coast of Gabon, are raised on stilts and built of wooden planks. Building on stilts is a time-honoured, but largely untested, way of avoiding mosquito bites. Exposure may also be affected by mosquito activity times and age composition of host-seeking females. A study was therefore undertaken on the island of São Tomé to determine if exposure to Anopheles gambiae, the only vector on the island, varied with house construction or time of the night.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Charlwood¹,

Pinto

Ferrara

et al. 2003

Malar J

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“…The study was conducted in a region close to Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso (West Africa), where malaria is endemic. Two areas of different endemicity (16) were included in the study to test the effect of transmission intensity on sexual stage immunity. Plasmodium falciparum is the predominant malaria species in the region, accounting for 90% of the infections; the remaining 10% being attributed to Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale (24).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proportions of gametocyte carriers were 17% (60/341 samples) in the lowtransmission area and 20.1% (76/378 samples) in the hightransmission area (P ϭ 0.4). This equality in parasite prevalence may reflect the high endemicity of malaria across the entire area (16). Serology.…”

Section: Entomologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally Acquired Immune Responses to Plasmodium falciparum Sexual Stage Antigens Pfs48/45 and Pfs230 in an Area of Seasonal Transmission

et al. 2011

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Acquisition of immunity to Plasmodium falciparum sexual stages is a key determinant for reducing humanmosquito transmission by preventing the fertilization and the development of the parasite in the mosquito midgut. Naturally acquired immunity against sexual stages may therefore form the basis for the development of transmission-blocking vaccines, but studies conducted to date offer little in the way of consistent findings. Here, we describe the acquisition of antigametocyte immune responses in malaria-exposed individuals in Burkina Faso. A total of 719 blood samples were collected in a series of three cross-sectional surveys at the start, peak, and end of the wet season. The seroprevalence of antibodies with specificity for the sexual stage antigens Pfs48/45 and Pfs230 was 2-fold lower (22 to 28%) than that for an asexual blood stage antigen glutamate-rich protein (GLURP) (65%) or for the preerythrocytic stage antigen circumsporozoite protein (CSP) (54%). The youngest children responded at frequencies similar to those for all four antigens but, in contrast with the immune responses to GLURP and CSP that increased with age independently of season and area of residence, there was no evidence for a clear age dependence of responses to Pfs48/45 and Pfs230. Anti-Pfs230 antibodies were most prevalent at the peak of the wet season (P < 0.001). Our findings suggest that naturally acquired immunity against Pfs48/45 and Pfs230 is a function of recent exposure rather than of cumulative exposure to gametocytes.

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“…The area is characterised by Sudanese savannah with a marked wet season from June to October and an estimated entomological inoculation rate of 300–500 infective bites per person per year [21]. Asexual parasite carriage in the population shows seasonal fluctuations and was recently estimated at 60–90% in children below 15 years of age and 20–50% in adults [22].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substantial Contribution of Submicroscopical Plasmodium falciparum Gametocyte Carriage to the Infectious Reservoir in an Area of Seasonal Transmission

et al. 2009

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BackgroundMan to mosquito transmission of malaria depends on the presence of the sexual stage parasites, gametocytes, that often circulate at low densities. Gametocyte densities below the microscopical threshold of detection may be sufficient to infect mosquitoes but the importance of submicroscopical gametocyte carriage in different transmission settings is unknown.Methodology/Principal FindingsMembrane feeding experiments were carried out on 80 children below 14 years of age at the end of the wet season in an area of seasonal malaria transmission in Burkina Faso. Gametocytes were quantified by microscopy and by Pfs25-based quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay (QT-NASBA). The children's infectiousness was determined by membrane feeding experiments in which a venous blood sample was offered to locally reared Anopheles mosquitoes. Gametocytes were detected in 30.0% (24/80) of the children by microscopy compared to 91.6% (65/71) by QT-NASBA (p<0.001). We observed a strong association between QT-NASBA gametocyte density and infection rates (p = 0.007). Children with microscopically detectable gametocytes were more likely to be infectious (68.2% compared to 31.7% of carriers of submicroscopical gametocytes, p = 0.001), and on average infected more mosquitoes (13.2% compared to 2.3%, p<0.001). However, because of the high prevalence of submicroscopical gametocyte carriage in the study population, carriers of sub-microscopical gametocytes were responsible for 24.2% of the malaria transmission in this population.Conclusions/SignificanceSubmicroscopical gametocyte carriage is common in an area of seasonal transmission in Burkina Faso and contributes substantially to the human infectious reservoir. Submicroscopical gametocyte carriage should therefore be considered when implementing interventions that aim to reduce malaria transmission.

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Wide-scale installation of insecticide-treated curtains confers high levels of protection against malaria transmission in a hyperendemic area of Burkina Faso

Cited by 38 publications

References 17 publications

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Untitled

Naturally Acquired Immune Responses to Plasmodium falciparum Sexual Stage Antigens Pfs48/45 and Pfs230 in an Area of Seasonal Transmission

Substantial Contribution of Submicroscopical Plasmodium falciparum Gametocyte Carriage to the Infectious Reservoir in an Area of Seasonal Transmission

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