Wide-awake Local Anesthesia with No Tourniquet: An Updated Review

Abstract

Background: The wide-awake local anesthesia with no tourniquet (WALANT) technique has become popularized for various hand/upper extremity procedures. Before surgery, patients receive local anesthetic, consisting of lidocaine with epinephrine, and remain awake for the entire procedure. The purpose of this review was to investigate the advantages, diverse application, outcomes, cost benefits, use in challenging environments, patient considerations, and contraindications associated with WALANT. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature on the WALANT technique was conducted. Search terms included: WALANT, wide-awake surgery, no tourniquet, local anesthesia, hand, wrist, cost, and safety. Results: The WALANT technique has proven to be successful for common procedures such as flexor tendon repair, tendon transfer, trigger finger releases, Depuytren disease, and simple bony procedures. Recently, the use of WALANT has expanded to more extensive soft-tissue repair, fracture management, and bony manipulation. Advantages include negating preoperative evaluation and testing for anesthesia clearance, eliminating risk of monitored anesthesia care, removal of anesthesia providers and ancillary staff, significant cost savings, and less waste produced. Intraoperative evaluations can be performed through active patient participation, and postoperative recovery and monitoring time are reduced. WALANT is associated with high patient satisfaction rates and low infection rates. Conclusions: The WALANT technique has proven to be valuable to both patients and providers, optimizing patient satisfaction and providing substantial healthcare savings. As its application continues to grow, current literature suggests positive outcomes.

Adapting to the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey of UK and European hand surgery units

“…There was a move towards performing surgery under WALANT before the pandemic for both elective and trauma hand surgery 12 , 13 . This appears to have accelerated and was adopted for a broad range of procedures, particularly tendon injuries.…”

Adapting to the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey of UK and European hand surgery units

“…There was a move towards performing surgery under WALANT before the pandemic for both elective and trauma hand surgery 13,14 . This appears to have accelerated and was adopted for a broad range of procedures, particularly tendon injuries.…”

How to start an awake spine program: Protocol and illustrative cases

“…More recently, it has been applied to extensive soft-tissue repair, bony manipulation, and more. The WALANT technique not only negates post-operative concerns associated with GA, but also reduces cost, eliminates the need for clearance, and reduces the number of required staff ( Kurtzman et al, 2021 ).…”