Wide-angle speckleless DMD holographic display using structured illumination with temporal multiplexing

In this paper we present a resolution-enhanced system for digital micromirror device (DMD) projected images by utilizing time multiplexing and birefringence in order to achieve this with static components only. This provides a less expensive solution than reducing the size of the hardware pixels and can also be applied to higher resolution displays, as and when, these become available. Birefringent materials have different refractive indices for linearly polarized light with orthogonal polarization directions. A highresolution projected image can be observed by overlapping two or three native resolution images at shifts of one half or one third of a DMD pixel diagonal respectively on successive frames. The optical components comprise a custom-made quartz plate as the birefringent component and an off-the-shelf twisted nematic liquid crystal display (TN-LCD) screen as a polarization rotator that is synchronized with the DMD frame rate. This paper covers the principle of operation and the system design. The functioning of the display is verified using enlarged images of the letter 'R' and a checkerboard pattern that are formed from a small number of DMD pixels.

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“…Resolution-enhanced images can be obtained by shifting and superimposing multiple projected images at different times [16] [21]. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: A Time Multiplexingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Resolution-Enhanced Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) Projection System

Zhang

Surman

2021

IEEE Access

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“…MEMS, on the other hand, can switch at speeds on the order of tens of kHz. While LCoS speeds may allow for standard video projection at 180 Hz, it is not suitable for techniques that involve temporally multiplexing images for increased resolution and image quality, or applications that require fast refresh rates, such as LiDAR beam scanning [7,8] or photonic optical switch [5]. MEMS-based devices also will not suffer from the same fringing field crosstalk between adjacent pixels as seen in LCoS, and are polarization-independent; thus, they do not require the polarization of the illuminating field to be specifically aligned, as is required by liquid crystals [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phase light modulation has applications across the spectrum from lithography [10,11] in the UV, to displays including augmented and virtual reality, as well as holographic 3D display [8,12], to communications and LiDAR in the near-infrared [5,7]. All of these applications take advantage of the PLM's ability to engineer the wavefront to redirect light more efficiently than amplitude modulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffraction Efficiency Characteristics for MEMS-Based Phase-Only Spatial Light Modulator with Nonlinear Phase Distribution

Ketchum

Blanche

2021

Photonics

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Micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS)-based phase-only spatial light modulators (PLMs) have the potential to overcome the limited speed of liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) spatial light modulators (SLMs) and operate at speeds faster than 10 kHz. This expands the practicality of PLMs to several applications, including communications, sensing, and high-speed displays. The complex structure and fabrication requirements for large, 2D MEMS arrays with vertical actuation have kept MEMS-based PLMs out of the market in favor of LCoS SLMs. Recently, Texas Instruments has adapted its existing DMD technology for fabricating MEMS-based PLMs. Here, we characterize the diffraction efficiency for one of these PLMs and examine the effect of a nonlinear distribution of addressable phase states across a range of wavelengths and illumination angles.

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“…On the other hand, it is easier to drive a binary SLM, and thus the display frame rate of a binary SLM can be ten to a thousand times faster than an eight-bit PM SLM. Therefore, it is capable of quickly displaying different CGHs of the same scene, which is called intensity accumulation (IA) [17][18][19][20]. In this way, the speckle noise can be averaged out and thus the quality of a reconstructed image can be significantly improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Estimation of Intensity Accumulation Display by Computer-Generated Holograms

et al. 2021

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The image generated by binary computer-generated holograms (CGHs) always suffers from serious speckle noise. Thanks to the fast frame rate of the binary spatial light modulator, the speckle can be significantly suppressed by intensity accumulation, i.e., the sequential display of multiple CGHs of the same scene. If enough randomness is added to the CGHs, the speckle noise can be mostly averaged out. Intuitively, the quality of the reconstructed image should be proportional to the number of intensity accumulation. However, there is no simple method to predict the dependence of the average noise and accumulation number, and we can only know the results after finishing the full computation. In this paper, we propose an empirical formula of the average noise based on the speckle phenomenon in a laser projector. Using this model, we have confirmed that the randomness induced by random phase is equivalent to that induced by random down-sampling for the generation of binary CGHs. In addition, if the computational efficiency is a concern, the CGH calculated with iterations is not recommended for intensity accumulation display. Finally, there is an upper-quality limit of the reconstructed image by intensity accumulation. Thus, a strategy for efficient intensity accumulation is suggested.

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Wide-angle speckleless DMD holographic display using structured illumination with temporal multiplexing

Cited by 64 publications

References 22 publications

A Resolution-Enhanced Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) Projection System

A Resolution-Enhanced Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) Projection System

Diffraction Efficiency Characteristics for MEMS-Based Phase-Only Spatial Light Modulator with Nonlinear Phase Distribution

Performance Estimation of Intensity Accumulation Display by Computer-Generated Holograms

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