Wide-Angle Scanning Lens Fed by Small-Scale Antenna Array for 5G in Millimeter-Wave Band

Qu, Zhishu; Qu, Shi‐Wei; Zhang, Zhe; Yang, Shiwen; Chan, Chi Hou

doi:10.1109/tap.2020.2967086

Cited by 36 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Within the bandwidth, the measured input reflection coefficients are less than −10 dB, and the scanning range is ±30°. An antenna consisting of a gradient‐index lens and a phased array antenna fed with aperture‐coupled microstrip antenna elements are demonstrated in Reference 69. The lens antenna operating at 28 GHz with strong directivity and a broad scanning range up to ±58° is quantitatively proven using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm.…”

Section: Electronic Scanning Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of microwave electronically scanned array: Concepts and applications

Sun

Zhao

Zheng

et al. 2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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As the application of microwave to radar and 5G communication goes wider, the array beam scanning capability has become an important and popular issue in modern society. Appropriate implementation of beam scanning methods suitable for diverse conditions could provide better performance and help to save costs for a system. Moreover, electronically scanned array has the characteristics of fast beam switching rate, high measurement accuracy and low profile. Thus, discussions on typical electronic scanning approaches are particularly necessary. This paper first presents a review of typical electronic scanning approaches to microwave arrays, such as the phased array, the focused aperture array, the frequency scanning array, and the time modulated array. And then some latest designs in the industry have been introduced. In addition, problems appeared in the application of the phased array and relevant solutions have been put forward. For the rest, some discussions are briefly summarized, as well as some comments on future trend in this field.

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Section: Electronic Scanning Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of microwave electronically scanned array: Concepts and applications

Sun

Zhao

Zheng

et al. 2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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“…Besides, unlike the other works, it can generate dual circular polarization from a linearly polarized feed. Other works, such as [9], can enhance the scan range of the antenna by means of using a more complex feeding structure, which is usually a higher-cost solution. The present design is an extremely low-budget efficient solution for high-gain dualcircular polarization mm-wave applications where form-factor requirements are a constraint.…”

Section: Manufacturing and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lens enhances the directivity of the lowgain feed by collimating the source rays into a single direction, generating a plane or quasi-plane wave. In some designs, when combined with a feed with beam reconfiguration capability, the lens compensates for the high scan losses, enhancing its directivity within the matched scan range [9]- [11]. The conventional alternative to these is phased array antennas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printed Directive Beam-Steering Antenna Based on Gradient Index Flat Lens With an Integrated Polarizer for Dual Circular Polarization at W-Band

Melendro-Jimenez¹,

Tamayo‐Domínguez²,

Tamayo-Dominguez³

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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In this communication, the design of a circularly polarized perforated gradient index flat lens antenna with directive beam-steering properties is presented for millimeter-wave applications at W-band (75 -95 GHz). The dielectric lens, fed by an open-ended square waveguide located in the lens focal plane, enhances the radiation in a particular direction, generating a high-directivity beam with planar wavefront. The integration of a dielectric polarizer with the lens allows the conversion from a linearly polarized incident wave to a circularly polarized emitted wave over the whole bandwidth. Horizontally and vertically polarized waves, achieved by the excitation of the fundamental square waveguide TE01 and TE10 modes are transformed to left-hand circularly polarized and right-hand circularly polarized waves, respectively. A ±30º scan range in both azimuth and elevation planes is demonstrated for the whole frequency range, attained by displacing the feed along the focal plane of the lens. Lens and polarizer are manufactured as a single piece by stereolithography 3D printing technology with Form 3 Formlabs 3D-printer. Measured results show maximum measured directivity values that range from 23.5 to 23.8 dB, a remarkable circular polarization purity as a wide axial ratio bandwidth of 20.58% (< 3 dB), from 77.5 GHz to 95 GHz, is achieved for the principal beam steers and an aperture efficiency for broadside beam direction between 90.32% and 57.34% in the frequency band of interest.

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“…An alternate solution is the integrated lens antenna (ILA) that enlarges the antenna effective aperture while maintaining high gain and low sidelobe level [9]- [11]. ILAs are a good choice because they are highly compatible with conventional phased array antennas [12]- [14]. Conventional ILA geometries such as spherical, extended hemispherical and tangent ogive geometries are often analyzed and characterized using optics-based estimations [9]- [11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, since these canonical geometries limit the degree of freedom of the design, they often degrade the radiation performance of the ILA, mainly in terms of beam scanning angle, side lobe level and scan loss. A possible way to overcome the inherent limitations of conventional ILA geometries is the adoption of complex ILA geometries with multiple parameters that theoretically allow for high dimensional order and non-linear behavior [12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dome-Shaped mmWave Lens Antenna Optimization for Wide-Angle Scanning and Scan Loss Mitigation Using Geometric Optics and Multiple Scattering

Youn

Choi

Kim

et al. 2022

IEEE J. Multiscale Multiphys. Comput. Tech.

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This paper presents a new accurate and efficient design methodology for complex integrated lens antenna (ILA), to achieve wide-angle beam coverage with scan loss mitigation at the millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum. The proposed ILA comprises inhomogeneous curvatures with internal and external center off-sets, in which multiple parameters instigate high order and non-linear behaviors. A two-dimensional (2-D) ray-tracing model is used to estimate the refractions on the elliptically curved boundaries based on geometrical optics. This approach is integrated into the particle swarm optimization of the 2-D raytracing model to determine the near-optimum geometric configuration of the ILA. Denoted as Geometric Optics-based Multiple Scattering (GOMS), the computational memory usage is reduced by a factor of 10,000 using this approach. The devised ILA achieves a wide-angle beam coverage of 156 ° with a scan loss of 2.10 dB alongside a broad impedance bandwidth of 35.0 GHz to 42.0 GHz. The measurement results for the performance of the fabricated prototype of the ILA validate the wide-angle scanning with scan loss mitigation inferred from the simulation results. This confirms the effectiveness of this method for complex design challenges involving multi-variants and restricted computational resources.

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Wide-Angle Scanning Lens Fed by Small-Scale Antenna Array for 5G in Millimeter-Wave Band

Cited by 36 publications

References 30 publications

A review of microwave electronically scanned array: Concepts and applications

A review of microwave electronically scanned array: Concepts and applications

3D Printed Directive Beam-Steering Antenna Based on Gradient Index Flat Lens With an Integrated Polarizer for Dual Circular Polarization at W-Band

Dome-Shaped mmWave Lens Antenna Optimization for Wide-Angle Scanning and Scan Loss Mitigation Using Geometric Optics and Multiple Scattering

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