This paper presents a new accurate and efficient design methodology for complex integrated lens antenna (ILA), to achieve wide-angle beam coverage with scan loss mitigation at the millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum. The proposed ILA comprises inhomogeneous curvatures with internal and external center off-sets, in which multiple parameters instigate high order and non-linear behaviors. A two-dimensional (2-D) ray-tracing model is used to estimate the refractions on the elliptically curved boundaries based on geometrical optics. This approach is integrated into the particle swarm optimization of the 2-D raytracing model to determine the near-optimum geometric configuration of the ILA. Denoted as Geometric Optics-based Multiple Scattering (GOMS), the computational memory usage is reduced by a factor of 10,000 using this approach. The devised ILA achieves a wide-angle beam coverage of 156 ° with a scan loss of 2.10 dB alongside a broad impedance bandwidth of 35.0 GHz to 42.0 GHz. The measurement results for the performance of the fabricated prototype of the ILA validate the wide-angle scanning with scan loss mitigation inferred from the simulation results. This confirms the effectiveness of this method for complex design challenges involving multi-variants and restricted computational resources.
A low-profile and wideband transmissive polarization rotator is proposed in this Letter. The wideband performance is accomplished by utilizing a curved bowtie resonator. The proposed wideband design exhibits a simulated bandwidth of 129.07% for at least 90% cross-transmission coefficient. The operating bandwidth is from 22.8 GHz to 105.8 GHz and the structure thickness is 0.082 λmax, where λmax is the free-space wavelength at the lowest operating frequency. A comparison with previously reported wideband polarization rotator designs is performed to highlight the notability of the proposed design regarding the wideband performance and structure thickness. In addition, in-band notches are utilized within the wide operating band to accomplish a transmissive polarization rotator with multiple operating bands. Single and double notches are employed to achieve polarization rotator designs with dual-and tri-band of operation, respectively. Moreover, the proposed multiband technique enables bandwidth adjustment. The prototype is fabricated and experimentally studied and is found to be highly correlated to the numerical estimation.INDEX TERMS Multiband, polarization conversion, transmissive polarization rotator, wideband.
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