Why Oncologists Should Feel Directly Involved in Persuading Patients with Head and Neck Cancer to Quit Smoking

Merlano, Marco; Denaro, Nerina; Galizia, Danilo; Abbona, Andrea; Paccagnella, Matteo; Minei, Silvia; Garrone, Ornella; Bossi, Paolo

doi:10.1159/000528345

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 23 publications

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“…According to the meta-analysis by Koyanagi et al [29] in the Japanese population, cigarette smoking is strongly associated with an increased risk of developing HNC, highlighting the significant impact of tobacco use on cancer incidence in this demographic. Merlano et al [33] indicated that smokers with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma generally have worse outcomes compared to non-smokers and those who have quit smoking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Link between Inflammatory Biomarkers and Head and Neck Cancer: Understanding the Impact of Smoking as a Cancer-Predisposing Factor

Nuszkiewicz,

Wróblewska,

Budek

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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Head and neck cancer (HNC) is associated with significant morbidity globally, with smoking recognized as a key risk factor. This study investigates the interplay between smoking and inflammatory biomarkers in HNC development. The study involved 50 HNC patients, divided into smoking and non-smoking groups, and a control group of 30 healthy individuals. Serum levels of 48 cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and other inflammatory markers were meticulously assessed. Significant differences in the levels of an extensive panel of inflammatory markers were observed between the patient groups and healthy controls. Elevated macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) in both HNC groups implicated increased activity in pathways known for immunomodulation, proliferation, and angiogenesis during HNC cancerogenesis. In contrast, non-smokers with HNC demonstrated higher levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 15 (IL-15), suggesting a more robust immune response. Platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) levels were particularly high in smokers with HNC. Smoking seems to alter the levels of crucial biomarkers in HNC, potentially affecting disease progression and responses to treatment. The data indicate that smokers may experience a more aggressive cancer phenotype, while non-smokers maintain a profile suggestive of a more active and effective immune response against HNC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Link between Inflammatory Biomarkers and Head and Neck Cancer: Understanding the Impact of Smoking as a Cancer-Predisposing Factor

Nuszkiewicz,

Wróblewska,

Budek

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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Baseline Values of Circulating IL-6 and TGF-β Might Identify Patients with HNSCC Who Do Not Benefit from Nivolumab Treatment

Merlano,

Paccagnella,

Denaro

et al. 2023

Cancers

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Background: The immunotherapy of head and neck cancer induces a limited rate of long-term survivors at the cost of treating many patients exposed to toxicity without benefit, regardless of PD-L1 expression. The identification of better biomarkers is warranted. We analyzed a panel of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, hereinafter all referred to as ‘cytokines’, as potential biomarkers in patients with head and neck cancer treated with nivolumab. Materials and methods: A total of 18 circulating cytokines were analyzed. Samples were gathered at baseline (T0) and after 3 courses of nivolumab (T1) in patients with relapsed/metastatic disease. The data extracted at T0 were linked to survival; the comparison of T0–T1 explored the effect of immunotherapy. Results: A total of 22 patients were accrued: 64% current heavy smokers, 36% female and 14% had PS = 2. At T0, ROC analysis showed that IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TGF-β were higher in patients with poor survival. Cox analysis demonstrated that only patients with the IL-6 and TGF-β discriminate had good or poor survival, respectively. Longitudinal increments of CCL-4, IL-15, IL-2 and CXCL-10 were observed in all patients during nivolumab treatment. Conclusion: In this small population with poor clinical characteristics, this study highlights the prognostic role of IL-6 and TGF-β. Nivolumab treatment is associated with a positive modulation of some Th1 cytokines, but it does not correlate with the outcome.

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Why Oncologists Should Feel Directly Involved in Persuading Patients with Head and Neck Cancer to Quit Smoking

Cited by 2 publications

References 23 publications

Exploring the Link between Inflammatory Biomarkers and Head and Neck Cancer: Understanding the Impact of Smoking as a Cancer-Predisposing Factor

Exploring the Link between Inflammatory Biomarkers and Head and Neck Cancer: Understanding the Impact of Smoking as a Cancer-Predisposing Factor

Baseline Values of Circulating IL-6 and TGF-β Might Identify Patients with HNSCC Who Do Not Benefit from Nivolumab Treatment

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