Why is timing of bird migration advancing when individuals are not?

Gill, Jennifer A.; Alves, José A.; Sutherland, William J.; Appleton, Graham F.; Potts, Peter M.; Gunnarsson, Tómas G.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.2161

Cited by 157 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Individuals, however, remain faithful to both their breeding and non-breeding habitats throughout their lives, indicating that the situation is not reversible. Instead, their behaviour appears to be determined by the timing of hatch and is thus probably constrained by carry-over effects initiated during development, rather than reversible state effects originating during adulthood [51].…”

Section: Adulthood and Reversible State Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ontogenetic perspective on individual differences

2015

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Phenotypic differences among individuals can arise during any stage of life. Although several distinct processes underlying individual differences have been defined and studied (e.g. parental effects, senescence), we lack an explicit, unified perspective for understanding how these processes contribute separately and synergistically to observed variation in functional traits. We propose a conceptual framework based on a developmental view of lifehistory variation, linking each ontogenetic stage with the types of individual differences originating during that period. In our view, the salient differences among these types are encapsulated by three key criteria: timing of onset, when fitness consequences are realized, and potential for reversibility. To fill a critical gap in this framework, we formulate a new term to refer to individual differences generated during adulthood-reversible state effects. We define these as 'reversible changes in a functional trait resulting from life-history trade-offs during adulthood that affect fitness', highlighting how the adult phenotype can be repeatedly altered in response to environmental variation. Defining individual differences in terms of trade-offs allows explicit predictions regarding when and where fitness consequences should be expected. Moreover, viewing individual differences in a developmental context highlights how different processes can work in concert to shape phenotype and fitness, and lays a foundation for research linking individual differences to ecological and evolutionary theory.

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Section: Adulthood and Reversible State Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ontogenetic perspective on individual differences

2015

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“…(Figure 3b). Yet, the approach and spatiotemporal scale of most field surveys is such that behavioural responses to climate change in the form of shifts in the timing of seasonal activities [13,14], individual movements and species range shifts [9,11,12] likely have gone undetected in many studies. Interpretation and comparisons of results regarding range shifts across studies is complicated further by the finding in a recent meta-analysis of studies of terrestrial organisms that rates of range shifts depend on both time period and study duration [33].…”

Section: Duration Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is an increasing need for research that provides answers to how species and communities respond to temperature shifts. Previous reviews and investigations into effects of temperature change on biodiversity have focussed on various types of responses, such as distribution range shifts [9][10][11][12], seasonal timing of reproductive activities [13,14], genetic adaptation [15], species survival [16,17], and biotic interactions [10,14,18]. Our present goal is not to summarize existing evidence for biodiversity responses to climate change by synthesizing results and estimating average effect sizes based on the findings in past research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To What Extent Can Existing Research Help Project Climate Change Impacts on Biodiversity in Aquatic Environments? A Review of Methodological Approaches

Forsman

Berggren

Åström

et al. 2016

JMSE

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Abstract:It is broadly accepted that continued global warming will pose a major threat to biodiversity in the 21st century. But how reliable are current projections regarding consequences of future climate change for biodiversity? To address this issue, we review the methodological approaches in published studies of how life in marine and freshwater environments responds to temperature shifts. We analyze and compare observational field surveys and experiments performed either in the laboratory or under natural conditions in the wild, the type of response variables considered, the number of species investigated, study duration, and the nature and magnitude of experimental temperature manipulations. The observed patterns indicate that, due to limitations of study design, ecological and evolutionary responses of individuals, populations, species, and ecosystems to temperature change were in many cases difficult to establish, and causal mechanism(s) often remained ambiguous. We also discovered that the thermal challenge in experimental studies was 10,000 times more severe than reconstructed estimates of past and projections of future warming of the oceans, and that temperature manipulations also tended to increase in magnitude in more recent studies. These findings raise some concerns regarding the extent to which existing research can increase our understanding of how higher temperatures associated with climate change will affect life in aquatic environments. In view of our review findings, we discuss the trade-off between realism and methodological tractability. We also propose a series of suggestions and directions towards developing a scientific agenda for improving the validity and inference space of future research efforts.

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“…So far, the method or approach on the field study activities are still using traditional methods. Field trip can be developed to improve identification skills of students (Thomas, et al, 2017;Gill, et al, 2015;Penuela, et al, 2016;Friggers, et al, 2015;Robinson, et al, 2016), and classification skills of students (Resheff, et al, 2014;Bom, et al, 2014;Schuld, et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2014;Freeman, et al, 2016;Resheff, et al, 2014;Bom, et al, 2014;Boss, et al, 2016;Rubio, et al, 2016;Winger, et al, 2014;Harms, et al, 2014) studying the migration patterns of birds (Horton, et al,. 2014;Freeman, et al, 2016;Boss, et al, 2016;Gohli, et al, 2015;Rushing, et al, 2016;Zogaris, et al, 2016;Agostini, et al, 2016;Zuckerberg, et al, 2016;Miller, et al, 2016;Newson, et al, 2016) can also be used to study bird navigation (Freeman, et al, 2016;Orchan, et al, 2016;Gill, et al, 2015;Sjo'berg, et al, 2015;Gilroy, et al, 2016) it is beneficial for conservation efforts (Horton, et al,. 2014;Freeman, et al, 2016;Rosin, et al, 2016;Langham, et al, 2015;Newson, et al, 2016;Winger, et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%