Why is stress so deadly? An evolutionary perspective

Hadany, Lilach; Beker, Tuvik; Eshel, Ilan; Feldman, Marcus W.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3384

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Other mechanisms that can also increase genetic variation when condition is poor or during stress include mutagenesis [15,88], loss of heterozygosity [89], genomic rearrangements [90], aneuploidy [91,92], dispersal [14,16], mate choice [93] and even death-resulting in the replacement of an aging individual by a young one, generated through sex and mutation [94].…”

Section: Generalization: Condition-dependent Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condition-dependent sex: who does it, when and why?

Ram¹,

Hadany²

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 15 to a theme issue 'Weird sex: the underappreciated diversity of sexual reproduction'. We review the phenomenon of condition-dependent sex-where individuals' condition affects the likelihood that they will reproduce sexually rather than asexually. In recent years, condition-dependent sex has been studied both theoretically and empirically. Empirical results in microbes, fungi and plants support the theoretical prediction that negative condition-dependent sex, in which individuals in poor condition are more likely to reproduce sexually, can be evolutionarily advantageous under a wide range of settings. Here, we review the evidence for condition-dependent sex and its potential implications for the long-term survival and adaptability of populations. We conclude by asking why condition-dependent sex is not more commonly observed, and by considering generalizations of condition-dependent sex that might apply even for obligate sexuals.This article is part of the themed issue 'Weird sex: the underappreciated diversity of sexual reproduction'.

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Section: Generalization: Condition-dependent Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condition-dependent sex: who does it, when and why?

Ram¹,

Hadany²

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Stress responses of the brain are thought to have arisen through the "flight or flight" mechanism to avoid predators and capture prey [45], although alternative theories do exist (e.g., [46]). The rapid Advances in Artificial Intelligence 5 change in the human ecological niche over the past few centuries has resulted in negative implications for these stress responses.…”

Section: Constraints On Human Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints of Biological Neural Networks and Their Consideration in AI Applications

Stafford

2010

Advances in Artificial Intelligence

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Biological organisms do not evolve to perfection, but to out compete others in their ecological niche, and therefore survive and reproduce. This paper reviews the constraints imposed on imperfect organisms, particularly on their neural systems and ability to capture and process information accurately. By understanding biological constraints of the physical properties of neurons, simpler and more efficient artificial neural networks can be made (e.g., spiking networks will transmit less information than graded potential networks, spikes only occur in nature due to limitations of carrying electrical charges over large distances). Furthermore, understanding the behavioural and ecological constraints on animals allows an understanding of the limitations of bio-inspired solutions, but also an understanding of why bio-inspired solutions may fail and how to correct these failures.

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“…Given the important maintenance and response roles, variation in GC secretion is expected to be a major factor regulating the energetic and life history trade‐offs that produce optimal investment decisions and ultimately drive variation in fitness (Hadany et al . ; Bonier et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal adversity and ecological stressors in natural populations: the role of stress axis programming in individuals, with implications for populations and communities

2012

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Summary1. Biomedical researchers have long appreciated that maternal stressors can induce preparative and adaptive programming in offspring via exposure to maternal Glucocorticoids (GCs). However, few ecologists are aware of the capacity for maternal GC exposure to translate ecological and environmental stressors into preparative and adaptive programmed offspring responses in free-living systems. We review a growing body of experimental work indicating that circulating maternal GCs link ecological stressors with adaptive programming of the stress axis. Throughout, we emphasise that natural and human-induced ecological stressors play a fundamental role in programming the capacity of individuals, populations and communities to respond to both predictable and unpredictable ecological change via translating maternal adversity into responsive programming of the vertebrate stress axis. 2. To encourage rigorous testing of this paradigm in a broad range of ecological systems, we introduce the principal extrinsic stressors with a recognised potential to alter maternal circulating GC levels. We then review from the biomedical literature regarding the underlying physiological and epigenetic mechanisms of stress-induced programming of individual phenotypes to predict how variation in ecological stressors can produce individual variation in stress axis management. 3. To appreciate the potential evolutionary inertia (i.e. adaptive value) of maternally programmed individual variation, we review key recent studies in free-living systems that test its adaptive function, and then discuss how variation in stress-axis programming may scale up to influence populations and ecological communities. 4. Given the huge potential of this field, it is encouraging that ecologists are beginning to examine how and why maternal GCs translate ecological and environmental stressors into preparative stress axis programming in free-living systems.

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Why is stress so deadly? An evolutionary perspective

Cited by 20 publications

References 36 publications

Condition-dependent sex: who does it, when and why?

Condition-dependent sex: who does it, when and why?

Constraints of Biological Neural Networks and Their Consideration in AI Applications

Maternal adversity and ecological stressors in natural populations: the role of stress axis programming in individuals, with implications for populations and communities

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