Why is countermovement jump height greater than squat jump height?

Bobbert, Maarten F.; Gerritsen, Karin G.M.; Litjens, Maria C A; Soest, Arthur van

doi:10.1097/00005768-199611000-00009

Cited by 599 publications

(505 citation statements)

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“…Additionally, the reviewed literature reports successful methods for training athletes to specifically achieve increases in hypertrophy, muscular strength, power, or jumping performance and these protocols also ultimately increased athletic performance. 17,18,19 The strong inverse relationships between SJ and %FM for All Participants and for Soccer as well as the strong relationships between the SJ measures and BM, BMC, and LTM for Dance provide an important conclusion. This data illustrates that the particular requirements of these disciplines (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Influence of body composition on selected jump performance measures in collegiate female athletes

MacDonald¹,

Israetel²,

Dabbs³

et al. 2013

Journal of Trainology

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Objectives:The monitoring of physical characteristics of athletes is important as it serves to provide valuable information to researchers, coaches, and athletes. The purpose of this work was to identify relationships between body composition and jump performance in collegiate female athletes. Design: Results:Jump modalities related to one another and %FM and body composition were strong predictors of jump performance.Additionally, jumping metrics reflected the chosen sport participation of the athletes. Conclusions:Disciplines greater in reliance upon stretch shortening cycle (SSC) utilization (Volleyball) had more and stronger correlations with CMJ and DJ, whereas Soccer and Dance athletes had more and stronger relationships to SJ, as they rely less on a reactive component (than Volleyball) and more on ultimate force production over time.(Journal of Trainology 2013;2:33-37)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Influence of body composition on selected jump performance measures in collegiate female athletes

MacDonald¹,

Israetel²,

Dabbs³

et al. 2013

Journal of Trainology

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“…The counter movement jump (cMJ) and squat jump (sJ) are popular vertical jumps [1][2][3]. During the cMJ, a downward movement from an upright standing position is performed first, and then an immediate takeoff is accomplished, thereby muscles are activated in the stretch-shortening cycle (s-sc) [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the cMJ, a downward movement from an upright standing position is performed first, and then an immediate takeoff is accomplished, thereby muscles are activated in the stretch-shortening cycle (s-sc) [3,4]. In turn, the sJ is defined as a vertical jump from the squat position without arm swinging and counter movement [2,3]. The cMJ and sJ performed on a force platform are commonly used to assess the mechanical power output and jump height in athletes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparison of isokinetic knee strength and power output ratios between female basketball and volleyball players

Kabaciński¹,

Murawa²,

Fryzowicz³

et al. 2018

Hum Mov.

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Purpose. Tests such as the counter movement jump (cMJ) and squat jump (sJ) allow for determining the ratio of maximal power output generated during sJ to cMJ (s/c). The isokinetic peak torque ratio of the hamstrings contracting eccentrically to the quadriceps contracting concentrically (H/Q) is defined as functional H/Q. The purpose of this study was to compare the s/c and functional H/Q between female basketball and volleyball players. Methods. The total of 14 female basketball players (age, 19.8 ± 1.4 years) and 12 female volleyball players (age, 22.3 ± 4.2 years) participated in the study. A piezoelectric force platform was used for the cMJ and sJ. Moreover, isokinetic tests of the hamstrings and quadriceps muscle torque during eccentric and concentric contraction were performed. Results. The results of the s/c and functional H/Q at 90 deg · s -1 /60 deg · s -1 velocities were higher in basketball players (87.3 ± 9.1% and 91.4 ± 9.3%, respectively) than in volleyball players (83.1 ± 9.8% and 83.6 ± 16.5%, respectively). No significant differences in s/c or functional H/Q values between the two groups were found (p > 0.05). Conclusions. Decreasing the s/c may result from an improvement in the power output during cMJ and a better utilization of the stretch-shortening cycle effect. Balancing the functional H/Q through increasing the eccentric hamstrings strength can provide dynamic knee joint stabilization.

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“…The potential elastic energy accumulated during the countermovement phase then adds up to the energy that is supplied by the contracting muscles and used in the take-off phase. This helps to increase the total mechanical energy used during the jump, resulting in a greater jump height [2,4,10,17]. This phenomenon is regarded as one of the causes of the usually better height that is recorded for a CMJ when compared to a squat jump (SJ -jump performed without a countermovement) [1,2,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leg stiffness and potential energy in the countermovement phase and the CMJ jump height

Struzik

Zawadzki

Rokita

2016

Biomedical Human Kinetics

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SummaryStudy aim: The elastic potential energy accumulated in the musculotendinous units during the countermovement phase of a jump adds up to the energy supplied by the contracting muscles used in the take-off phase. Consequently, the total mechanical energy used during the jump may reach higher values. Stiffness represents a quantitative measure of a body's elastic properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish the relationship between leg stiffness and the countermovement jump height. Material and methods: 24 basketball players from the II Division participated in the study. The measurements employed a Kistler force plate and a BTS SMART system for the motion analysis. Each study participant performed three countermovement jumps with arm swings. Leg stiffness in the countermovement phase was determined from the slope of the ground reaction forces curve, with respect to the coexisting height of the greater trochanter of the femur. The decline in the gravitational potential energy of the centre of mass during the countermovement phase is partially accumulated in the form of potential elastic energy through the stretched musculotendinous units, and consequently contributes to the jump height. Results: We found a statistically significant relationship between leg stiffness and a decline in the potential energy during the countermovement phase. The relationship between leg stiffness and the jump height was not statistically significant. Conclusions:The distribution of measurements may suggest the presence of local maximums, with their locations representing a value of leg stiffness that allows for high values of changes in the potential energy and the jump height to be obtained. Therefore, the presence of a specific value for leg stiffness that would be the most favourable for the accumulation of potential elastic energy is likely. However, this study cannot unequivocally confirm this fact, and the confirmation of the above statement will require further experimentation.

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Why is countermovement jump height greater than squat jump height?

Cited by 599 publications

References 24 publications

Influence of body composition on selected jump performance measures in collegiate female athletes

Influence of body composition on selected jump performance measures in collegiate female athletes

A comparison of isokinetic knee strength and power output ratios between female basketball and volleyball players

Leg stiffness and potential energy in the countermovement phase and the CMJ jump height

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