Why economists dislike a lump of labor

Walker, Tom

doi:10.1080/00346760701635809

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This has been observed in the context of negotiations (Bazerman, 1983;Carnevale & Pruitt, 1992;Thompson & Hastie, 1990) and folk economics (Baron & Kemp, 2004;Rubin, 2003;Walker, 2007) where there is often assumed to be a 'fixed pie' of resources. For example, some believe that the number of jobs is finite, which might lead them to oppose immigration (e.g., Esses, Dovidio, Jackson, Armstrong, 2001).…”

Section: Cognitive Bases Of Zero-sum Thinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wanting ‘the whole loaf’: zero-sum thinking about love is associated with prejudice against consensual non-monogamists

Burleigh

Rubel

Meegan

2016

Psychology & Sexuality

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Consensual nonmonogamy (CNM) is a relationship in which individuals agree that romantic or sexual relationships with others is permissible or desirable (e.g., polyamory or open relationships). Although anti-CNM prejudice is prevalent, it is not well understood. We propose that one of the bases of anti-CNM prejudice is zero-sum thinking about love-the perception that one person's love gained is another's love lost. We outline our theory and then present three studies that test our predictions. In these studies, participants read a vignette that depicted characters who were in a CNM or monogamous relationship, and then judged aspects of the characters and their relationship. In Study 1, participants who read the CNM vignette judged the protagonist's love for their initial romantic partner before and after they became involved with a second partner. Zero-sum thinking was operationally defined as the within-subject change in love ratings. In Studies 2 and 3, participants rated their agreement with items from a new preliminary measure of zero-sum romantic beliefs. We measured CNM devaluation by asking for ratings of the relationships and of individuals in the relationships. Supporting our predictions, in all three studies we found that zero-sum thinking about love was associated with increased CNM devaluation. We end by briefly discussing the implications of our findings.

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Section: Cognitive Bases Of Zero-sum Thinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wanting ‘the whole loaf’: zero-sum thinking about love is associated with prejudice against consensual non-monogamists

Burleigh

Rubel

Meegan

2016

Psychology & Sexuality

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“…The debate about work sharing started in nineteenth century United Kingdom about working-time regulations. Walker (2007) traces back the fi rst appearance of the expression "lump-of-labour fallacy" to an article from the UK economist David F. Schloss (1891) and suggests that it is the Londonbased magazine The Economist that has lately popularized the phrase by repeatedly denouncing the "fallacy." 3 If the debate about work sharing was mostly confi ned to hours of work, the idea that reducing the labor supply of older workers could help mitigate the rise in unemployment was most keenly put forward in the aftermath of the late 1970s oil shock (Laczko and Phillipson 1991).…”

Section: Debates and Policies In The United Kingdommentioning

confidence: 99%

Releasing jobs for the young? Early retirement and youth unemployment in the United Kingdom

Banks¹,

Blundell²,

Bozio³

et al. 2010

Working Paper Series

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“…Le phénomène de dépréciation des âgés en l'emploi s'inscrit dans la dimension plus large du partage de l'emploi disponible et de l'argumentaire politique qui, dans certains pays, a permis aux plus âgés de sortir précocement de l'emploi afin d'en faire bénéficier les entrants (Léonard, Martinez, & Wels, 2013). Une telle perspective a été largement critiquée depuis (Jousten & Lefèbvre, 2010), mais le débat reste ouvert (Walker, 2000(Walker, , 2007. Il reste que, pour répondre à de tels objectifs, nombre de pays, en particulier la France et la Belgique, avaient mis en place de tels dispositifs qui ont eu pour effet de disqualifier sur le long terme la figure de travailleur âgé.…”

Section: Réformer Les Fins De Carrièreunclassified

La politique des fins de carrière. Vers un modèle européen convergent ?

Wels¹

2014

Sociologie

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RésuméDepuis la fin des années 1960, les pays-membres de l'UE15 ont mis en place des dispositifs de retrait anticipé du marché de l'emploi pour les travailleurs âgés. Cette tendance s'est renforcée au cours de décennies pour s'inverser à partir du milieu des années 1990. Progressivement, les Etats, notamment sous l'impulsion des politiques supranationales, restreignirent l'accès aux départs anticipés avec un succès relatif. Cet article étudie, pour la période 2000-2010, les évolutions en termes de statuts dans l'emploi des 45-69 ans dans les pays-membres de l'UE-15. Trois indicateurs de changement des politiques publiques sont mobilisés : la dépendance, la convergence et la rupture. Par le biais d'une méthode de classification hiérarchique réalisée indépendamment pour les hommes et les femmes, nous montrons que les changements intervenus au cours de la décennie ont touché davantage les configurations de pays dans le cas des hommes que dans celui des femmes. Pour ces dernières, les groupes de pays sont restés plus stables, montrant par là le caractère ancré des politiques initiales. Malgré de telles « dépendances », on constate cependant, et ce pour les deux sexes, que l'ensemble des pays convergent vers des résultats similaires. Prenant appui sur de tels constats, nous montrons que le phénomène de convergence peut être en partie expliqué par une prolifération des statuts composites sur le marché de l'emploi, correspondant à la fois à une déstandardisation des parcours professionnels et à une ré-institutionnalisation de ces derniers. AbstractSince the end of the 1960s, EU15 member countries have implemented early retirement mechanisms for the older workers. This trend has increased over decades to reverse from the mid-1990s. Gradually, States, particularly under the influence of supranational policies, have limited access with a greater or lesser success. This paper examines, for the period 2000-2010, changes in employment statuses of 45-69 in the member countries of the EU -15. Three indicators of policy change are mobilized: dependence, convergence and rupture. Through a hierarchical clustering method, done separetly for men and women, we show that changes in the decade have affected, marginally, more configurations of countries in the case of men than in women. For women, groups of countries were more stable, showing the embedded nature of initial policies. However despite these "dependencies", we find, for both sexes, that all 2 countries converge to similar results. According to these findings, we show that the convergence phenomenon can be partly explained by a proliferation of composite statuses on the labour market, corresponding to both de-standardization and re-institutionalization of career paths.

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Why economists dislike a lump of labor

Cited by 27 publications

References 12 publications

Wanting ‘the whole loaf’: zero-sum thinking about love is associated with prejudice against consensual non-monogamists

Wanting ‘the whole loaf’: zero-sum thinking about love is associated with prejudice against consensual non-monogamists

Releasing jobs for the young? Early retirement and youth unemployment in the United Kingdom

La politique des fins de carrière. Vers un modèle européen convergent ?

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