Why does water in porous carbon generate electricity? Electrokinetic role of protons in a water droplet-induced hydrovoltaic system of hydrophilic porous carbon

Ko, Hyun-Seok; Son, Wonkyeong; Kang, Min Sung; Lee, Han Uk; Chung, Chan‐Yeup; Han, Seungwu; Choi, Changsoon; Cho, Sung Beom

doi:10.1039/d2ta05281d

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…Once the droplet of the solution was placed on the left side substrate, H 2 O rapidly diffused toward the opposite dry region due to the large difference in initial concentrations. Additionally, H 3 O + and OH – also moved toward the dry region because of the concentration difference generated by self-dissociation and reaction with the carbon surface . Furthermore, the H 3 O + transportation rate is faster than that of OH – on the substrate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table shows the values of the parameters used in this simulation model compared to the previous study. For more detailed parameter notations and values, refer to Tables 1 and 2 in the previous study …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results are consistent not only across all solutions of LiCl, NaCl, and KCl but also with the results observed in the previous study that focused on DI water only. 26 Based on these results, it is deduced that the difference of voltage output between the solutions is a result of variations in the distribution of each salt ion's concentration and their respective streaming potential.…”

Section: Underlying Mechanism Of Salt Ions On the Hydrovoltaicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, H 3 O + and OH − also moved toward the dry region because of the concentration difference generated by self-dissociation and reaction with the carbon surface. 26 Furthermore, the H 3 O + transportation rate is faster than that of OH − on the substrate. These results are consistent not only across all solutions of LiCl, NaCl, and KCl but also with the results observed in the previous study that focused on DI water only.…”

Section: Underlying Mechanism Of Salt Ions On the Hydrovoltaicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because identifying the exact mechanism is difficult due to the varying experimental conditions including humidity and substrate porosity in each experiment. In this regard, Ko et al 26 recently conducted theoretical analyses to demonstrate which mechanism has the most dominant effect on the electric output of hydrovoltaic. It was revealed that the ion concentration gradient contributes more dominantly to electricity generation than the streaming potential under DI water conditions, and we also analyzed the parametric effect (e.g., porosity, substrate geometry, chemical reaction, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the Electrokinetic Role of Ions on Electricity Generation in Droplet-Based Hydrovoltaic Systems

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Underlying Mechanism Of Salt Ions On the Hydrovoltaicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Underlying Mechanism Of Salt Ions On the Hydrovoltaicmentioning

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confidence: 99%

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Understanding the Electrokinetic Role of Ions on Electricity Generation in Droplet-Based Hydrovoltaic Systems

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Fibrous Solar Evaporator with Tunable Water Flow for Efficient, Self‐Operating, and Sustainable Hydroelectricity Generation

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Convenient and green hydroelectricity generation (HG) systems are widely studied to cope with the energy crisis. Electricity can be generated through streaming potential with merely water droplets. Nevertheless, the operational requirement of persistent water supply restricts the durability and practicality of HG. Solar‐driven steam generation with continuous and sufficient water flow has become a promising integration way to enhance HG sustainability. However, most evaporation‐accelerated hydroelectricity generators are threatened by excessive wetting decay and ionic erosion damage, which significantly impair charge accumulation and operational durability. To address this issue, a carbon black/polypyrrole decorated Tencel framework (CPF) with tunable water flow is fabricated through twisting and braiding technology. The modified water flow rate, height, and content ensure rapid ion migration, appropriate wetting boundary, and sufficient brine circulation, respectively. The aqueous flow and ion strength are optimized through the evaporation‐accelerated and desalination‐integrated HG. Hence, the CPF evaporator shows an efficient, self‐operating, and sustainable output of 0.73 V, 0.6 µA, and 2.38 kg m−2 h−1 in 3.5 wt.% brine under 1 sun radiation without salt deposition. The scalable, prolonged, and adaptable outdoor operation throughout the daytime ensures the clean production of electricity and freshwater.

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Intricate Ionic Behaviors in High‐Performance Self‐Powered Hydrothermal Chemical Generator Using Water and Iron (III) Gate

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Utilizing the ionic flux to generate voltage output has been confirmed as an effective way to meet the requirements of clean energy sources. Different from ionic thermoelectric (i‐TE) and hydrovoltaic devices, a new hydrothermal chemical generator is designed by amorphous FeCl3 particles dispersing in MWCNT and unique ferric chloride or water gate. In the presence of gate, the special ion behaviors enable the cell to present a constant voltage of 0.60 V lasting for over 96 h without temperature difference. Combining the differences of cation concentration, humidity and temperature between the right and left side of sample, the maximum short‐circuit current and power output can be obtained to 168.46 µA and 28.11 µW, respectively. The generator also can utilize the low‐grade heat to produce electricity wherein Seebeck coefficient is 6.79 mV K−1. The emerged hydrothermal chemical generator offers a novel approach to utilize the low‐grade heat, water and salt solution resources, which provides a simple, sustainable and low‐cost strategy to realize energy supply.

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Why does water in porous carbon generate electricity? Electrokinetic role of protons in a water droplet-induced hydrovoltaic system of hydrophilic porous carbon

Abstract: As an emerging technology, hydrovoltaics harvests energy from water by flowing it through nanostructured materials. However, poor understanding of the principles of hydrovoltaics has impeded its advancement. The process is...

Cited by 20 publications

References 61 publications

Understanding the Electrokinetic Role of Ions on Electricity Generation in Droplet-Based Hydrovoltaic Systems

Understanding the Electrokinetic Role of Ions on Electricity Generation in Droplet-Based Hydrovoltaic Systems

Fibrous Solar Evaporator with Tunable Water Flow for Efficient, Self‐Operating, and Sustainable Hydroelectricity Generation

Intricate Ionic Behaviors in High‐Performance Self‐Powered Hydrothermal Chemical Generator Using Water and Iron (III) Gate

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