Why does juan garcía have a drinking problem? The perspective of critical medical anthropology

Singer, Merrill; Valentín, Freddie; Baer, Hans A.; Jia, Zhongke

doi:10.1080/01459740.1992.9966067

Cited by 83 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Sell, un médecin qui a réalisé des recherches interdisciplinaires, analyse les effets positifs des drogues psychédéliques d'un point de vue général (Sell, 1996) et de l'expérience de l'ayahuasca dans le contexte du Santo Daime ( Groisman & Sell, 1996) Alcool et Amérindiens social. Autrement dit, pour le comprendre, il faut explorer les valeurs culturelles, le processus historique, l'actualité sociopolitique du groupe et les situations dans lesquelles on apprend à boire et continue à boire (Singer, 1986 ;Singer et al, 1992 ;Quiles, 2000 ;Ferreira, 2001b,c).…”

Section: Drogues Santé Et Société Vol 4 N Ounclassified

L’abus d’alcool chez les peuples indigènes du Brésil : une évaluation comparative

Langdon¹

2005

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Chez les autochtones du Brésil, l’alcoolisme, que l’on tient responsable des hauts taux de violence et de suicide, représente l’un des principaux problèmes de santé. Toutefois, les organismes gouvernementaux qui s’occupent de la santé des autochtones n’ont que récemment commencé à soutenir la recherche et les programmes de contrôle et de prévention. En réalité, sauf pour certains stéréotypes ou diagnostics biomédicaux, les habitudes de consommation d’alcool des autochtones sont méconnues. Des données comparatives sur l’abus d’alcool et d’autres substances ailleurs dans le monde ont été examinées dans le but de prouver que le milieu social est beaucoup plus révélateur que les critères biomédicaux universels. Le présent article se fonde sur ces données, ainsi que sur le peu de connaissances accessibles en ce qui concerne la consommation actuelle d’alcool chez les autochtones du Brésil, pour remettre en question la pertinence du terme « alcoolisme » dans la mise sur pied de programmes de prévention au sein de la population autochtone. Les problèmes découlant de l’abus d’alcool ne peuvent être compris et réglés qu’en étudiant de près la situation marginale des autochtones dans la société brésilienne.Alcoholism is recognized as a major health problem among the native populations of Brazil and is associated with high rates of violence and suicide. However, only recently have the governmental agencies concerned with Indian Health begun to support research and programs for control and prevention. In reality, very little is known about drinking behavior among the Indians beyond certain stereotypes or use of a biomedical diagnosis. A review of comparative data about alcohol and other substance abuse in other parts of the world is made in order to argue that social environment may be more useful for understanding the problem than universal biomedical criteria. Based on this data, as well as the little that is known about contemporary drinking habits among the Brazilian Indians, the paper questions the utility of the label “alcoholism” for the development of prevention programs among Indian populations. The problems resulting from abuse of alcohol can only be understood and successfully addressed by critically examining the marginal position that the Indian in the Brazilian society.El alcoholismo, responsable de los elevados niveles de violencia y suicidio entre les indígenas de Brasil, constituye uno de los principales problemas de salud. Sin embargo, sólo recientemente los organismos gubernamentales que se ocupan de la salud de los autóctonos han comenzado a apoyar la investigación y los programas de control y de prevención. En realidad, salvo en lo que respecta a ciertos estereotipos o diagnósticos biomédicos, se desconocen los hábitos de consumo de alcohol de los indígenas. Se han analizado datos comparativos sobre el abuso de alcohol y de otras sustancias en otras partes del mundo con el objetivo de probar que el medio social es mucho más revelador que los criterios biomédicos universales. El presente artículo, que tien...

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Section: Drogues Santé Et Société Vol 4 N Ounclassified

L’abus d’alcool chez les peuples indigènes du Brésil : une évaluation comparative

Langdon¹

2005

dss

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“…Political ecologists have often highlighted the injustice and inequality that characterizes how material processes (of extraction, production, exchange or disposal) impair human health (Bullard and Lewis 1996;Couacaud 2014;Quesada, Hart, and Bourgois 2011;Richmond et al 2005;Singer et al 1992). They have emphasized how marginalized, excluded, discriminated against, or otherwise oppressed populations have also been the most vulnerable to health risks.…”

Section: Health Dispossessions: An Analytical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this neoliberal vein, disease no longer represents policy weaknesses, but the weak individual judgments. This serves to conceal practical constraints and power imbalances that define the range of choice that individuals, local communities and health professionals have, in terms of health behaviors, as seen for instance in the cases of alcohol consumption, daily exercise, treatment-seeking strategies, or (non)holistic approaches to disease prevention (Feierman et al 2010;Singer et al 1992). Although individualizing health responsibilities has been seen to exacerbate health inequities (Langford and Panter-Brick 2013), such discourse is a tactic to justify the de-prioritization of social welfare policy.…”

Section: Individualizing Stigmatizing and Moralizing Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Health dispossessions and the moralization of disease: the case of diarrhea in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Kotsila

2017

Journal of Political Ecology

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Despite the swift development of Vietnam's water supply and sanitation (wat/san) sector, over the last ten years there have been 1.5 million annual documented cases of diarrhea. Western perspectives blame insufficient medical or economic advancement for failing to prevent diarrhea and its treatment, failing to grasp how disease is shaped in the cultural, moral and political domain. This article examines the nature and function of public health policy and discourse against the spread of the disease in Can Tho City, Mekong Delta. Some 94 qualitative interviews were conducted with government representatives, medical staff and water experts, and a survey of 131 households in urban and rural areas. Focusing only on improving the construction of wat/san 'hardware' does not improve 'cultural software', and ignores the needs of vulnerable minorities, compromising the control of diarrhea. I also show how state discourse follows neoliberal approaches in individualizing health responsibilities, and moralizing disease. Local (mis)perceptions and risky behaviors emerge as the result of structural constraints that include poverty, a lack of access to useful health information, and the cultivation of stigma around diarrhea. These types of health dispossessions serve a political purpose, where the state escapes responsibility for public health failures, and thus enhancing its efforts to maintain legitimacy as a good implementer and a 'caring head.' Keywords: Vietnam, public health, health individualization, moralization of disease, blame discourse, diarrhea. RésuméMalgré le développement rapide du secteur de l'approvisionnement en eau et de l'assainissement (wat / san) au Vietnam, il y a eu au cours des dix dernières années 1,5 million de cas annuels de diarrhée. Les perspectives occidentales accusent l'insuffisance de progrès médicaux ou économiques pour ne pas prévenir la diarrhée et son traitement, ne comprenant pas comment la maladie est façonnée dans le domaine culturel, moral et politique. Cet article examine la nature et la fonction de la politique de santé publique et le discours contre la propagation de la maladie dans la ville de Can Tho, dans le delta du Mékong. Quelque 94 entrevues qualitatives ont été menées auprès de représentants du gouvernement, du personnel médical et des experts en eau, et une enquête auprès de 131 ménages vivant en milieu urbain et rural. Se concentrer uniquement sur l'amélioration de la construction du «matériel» wat / san n'améliore pas les «logiciels culturels» et ignore les besoins des minorités vulnérables, compromettant ainsi le contrôle de la diarrhée. Je montre aussi comment le discours d'Etat suit les approches néolibérales en individualisant les responsabilités en matière de santé et en moralisant les maladies. Les perceptions locales et les comportements à risque sont le résultat de contraintes structurelles qui incluent la pauvreté, le manque d'accès à des informations utiles sur la santé et la propagation de la stigmatisation autour de la diarrhée. Ces types de dépossessi...

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“…To draw on Foucault more specifically, the identification of dominant discourse is achieved by examining practice, particularly that which has become conventional or widely accepted (Foucault, 1991). Where this intersects with CMA, is in the identification of the influence of hegemonic discourse on the institution, and the ensuing influence of the institution on practice, including how practitioners interact with, and speak to clients (Newnham et al, 2015;Lazarus, 1988;Singer and Baer, 1995;Baer et al, 1986). Our intention here is to explain the 'intermediate-social' level of interaction (see Newnham et al, 2016b) between the midwives and women and show how this was influenced by hospital policy and practice expectations as well as how it affected women's experience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘It's your body, but…’ Mixed messages in childbirth education: Findings from a hospital ethnography

2017

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Objective: to investigate the personal, social, cultural and institutional influences on women making decisions about using epidural analgesia in labour. In this article we discuss the findings that describe practices around the gaining of consent for an epidural in labour, which we juxtapose with similar processes relating to use of water for labour and/or birth.Design: ethnography.Setting: tertiary hospital in Australian city. Participants: sequential interviews were conducted with 16 women; hospital staff (primarily midwives and doctors) participated during six months of participatory observation fieldwork.Findings: women were not given full disclosure of either practice and midwives tailored the information they gave according to the institutional policies rather than evidence.Key conclusions: informed consent is an oft-cited human right in health care, yet in maternity care the micropolitics of how informed consent is gained is difficult to ascertain, leading to a situation whereby the concept of informed consent is more robust than the reality of practice; an illusion of informed consent exists, yet information is often biased towards medicalised birth practices.Implications for practice: as primary maternity care-givers, midwives have a role in providing unbiased information to women; however it appears that hospital culture and policy affect the way that this information is presented. It is arguable whether women in such instances are giving true informed consent, and for this reason, the ethics of these hidden practices are questioned.

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Why does juan garcía have a drinking problem? The perspective of critical medical anthropology

Cited by 83 publications

References 47 publications

L’abus d’alcool chez les peuples indigènes du Brésil : une évaluation comparative

L’abus d’alcool chez les peuples indigènes du Brésil : une évaluation comparative

Health dispossessions and the moralization of disease: the case of diarrhea in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

‘It's your body, but…’ Mixed messages in childbirth education: Findings from a hospital ethnography

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