Why Does Enzyme Not Leach from Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs)? Unveiling the Interactions between an Enzyme Molecule and a MOF

Abstract

The strong interactions between microperoxidase (MP-11) and Tb-mesoMOF were identified via Raman spectroscopic studies, which revealed that MP-11 molecules interact with the framework of Tb-mesoMOF through π···π interactions between the heme of MP-11 and the conjugated triazine and benzene rings in the organic ligand of Tb-mesoMOF. The strong interactions facilitate the retention of MP-11 molecules within the metal-organic framework (MOF) pores, which is in striking contrast with the severe leaching of MP-11 from MCM-41 due to the lack of specific interactions between enzyme molecules and the mesoporous silica material.

Covalent Organic Frameworks with Chirality Enriched by Biomolecules for Efficient Chiral Separation

“…22 mmol g À1 ) was almost double that with the adsorption method (ca. [38][39][40][41] Overall, covalent immobilization of biomolecules using COF 1 is superior to all the other tested porous materials (Figure 2). Inversely,t he leakage of lysozyme for the covalent method was far lower than that for the adsorption method ( Figure 2b).…”

Coupling two enzymes into a tandem nanoreactor utilizing a hierarchically structured MOF

“…In a previous report, Ma and coworkers have demonstrated the presence of π···π interactions between the immobilized enzyme and the conjugated ligands in a mesoporous cageMOF. 26 The HTB ligand in PCN-888 can form a large conjugated system between the heptazine core and terminal benzene rings, which should lead to a strong interaction with the immobilized enzymes. At the same time, the small window size of the cages also physically prevents the leaching of the enzymes from the framework, although the enzyme has to somehow make its way into the cage, one possible way being unfolding and refolding.…”

“…At the same time, the small window size of the cages also physically prevents the leaching of the enzymes from the framework, although the enzyme has to somehow make its way into the cage, one possible way being unfolding and refolding. 26 In contrast, enzyme leaching of mesoporous silica materials, such as SBA-15, has proved to be significant even after one cycle, resulting in a severe reduction of the catalytic activity. 9 …”

Magnetic metal–organic frameworks as scaffolds for spatial co-location and positional assembly of multi-enzyme systems enabling enhanced cascade biocatalysis

“…Furthermore, MOFs can exhibit strong hydrophobic interactions with immobilized enzymes that avert their leakage during operation. 39 Most importantly, MOFs enable the retention of enzyme activity upon harsh conditions that normally cause loss of the catalytic activity. 40 Our previous study focused on protein encapsulation mechanism in MOFs using molecular dynamic simulations also revealed that MOFs can function as a new category of host materials and molecular chaperones that support the protein folding and prevent their deactivations.…”