Coupling two enzymes into a tandem nanoreactor utilizing a hierarchically structured MOF

Abstract

A hierarchically structured MOF is utilized to couple two enzymes in a tandem manner. A stepwise encapsulation with a specific order is the only way to achieve this goal.

Synthesis of patterned enzyme–metal–organic framework composites by ink-jet printing

“…Benefited from the protection effect of MOF scaffolds, the incorporated enzyme can resist to various harsh environments that are harmful to fragile native enzyme, (Shieh et al 2015;Liang et al 2015a;Feng et al 2015) even at protein-denaturing conditions (Liao et al 2017;Wu et al 2017). The enhanced stability makes enzyme-MOF composites promising for industrial and biomedical applications such as biocatalysis at harsh conditions (Lykourinou et al 2011;Feng et al 2015;He et al 2016), enzymatic degradation of nerve agents, (Li et al 2016a, b) stabilizing tobacco mosaic virus (Lian et al 2016), and increasing sensitivity of biosensors (Lyu et al 2014;Zhang et al 2017). In addition, the tailor-made pore structures of MOFs realized the fitting of multiple enzymes in position for highly efficient enzyme cascade (Wu et al 2015a, b;Lian et al 2016).…”

“…The enhanced stability makes enzyme-MOF composites promising for industrial and biomedical applications such as biocatalysis at harsh conditions (Lykourinou et al 2011;Feng et al 2015;He et al 2016), enzymatic degradation of nerve agents, (Li et al 2016a, b) stabilizing tobacco mosaic virus (Lian et al 2016), and increasing sensitivity of biosensors (Lyu et al 2014;Zhang et al 2017). In addition, the tailor-made pore structures of MOFs realized the fitting of multiple enzymes in position for highly efficient enzyme cascade (Wu et al 2015a, b;Lian et al 2016).…”

“…The focus of MOF applications is gas storage, separation, sensing, and catalysis (Furukawa et al 2013;Hayashi et al 2007;Sumida et al 2011;Zhou et al 2012). Moreover, MOFs also have shown great potentials in hosting biomolecules such as enzyme (or protein), explored by pioneering work from several groups in recent years (Lykourinou et al 2011;Chen et al 2012;Deng et al 2012;Lyu et al 2014;Shieh et al 2015;Liang et al 2015a;Feng et al 2015;Li et al 2016a, b, c;Lian et al 2016Lian et al , 2017Liao et al 2017;Zhang et al 2017;Wu et al 2015a, b;Hou and Ge 2017). The rigid but porous structure of MOFs makes them ideal for immobilizing flexible protein molecules to increase the overall structural stability of protein.…”

“…By chemical reactions between amino acids of enzyme and functional groups of pre-synthesized MOFs, enzyme molecules were attached on the surface of MOFs (Jung et al 2011;Shih et al 2012). Alternatively, another strategy is in situ one-pot synthesis of enzyme-MOF composites directly from enzyme, metal ions, and organic ligands in solution, which has been investigated by several groups (Lyu et al 2014;Shieh et al 2015;Liang et al 2015a;Lian et al 2016;Liao et al 2017). All the above methods majorly rely on solutionbased procedures.…”

“…One is the post-immobilization strategy. For example, by incubating enzyme (or protein) molecules with pre-synthesized MOFs in aqueous solution, enzyme (or protein) molecules were adsorbed into the large pores of MOFs (Lykourinou et al 2011;Chen et al 2012;Deng et al 2012;Feng et al 2015;Li et al 2016a, b;Zhang et al 2017;Lian et al 2016). By chemical reactions between amino acids of enzyme and functional groups of pre-synthesized MOFs, enzyme molecules were attached on the surface of MOFs (Jung et al 2011;Shih et al 2012).…”