“…In previous research, variables like dissatisfaction (Bansal et al ., 2005; Hsieh, 2021), quality (Bansal et al ., 2005; Fan et al ., 2021; Kuo, 2020), trust (Bansal et al ., 2005), risk (Handarkho and Harjoseputro, 2020; Hsieh, 2021; Yusfiarto et al ., 2023) and value (Bansal et al ., 2005; Loh et al ., 2021; Yusfiarto et al ., 2023) have predominantly been utilized as push factors. In the banking industry, the most significant reason for leaving their current bank is widely recognized as low customer satisfaction (Mu and Lee, 2022; Ngau et al ., 2023; Zhao et al ., 2022).…”