Why Are Some People Healthy and Others Not? The Determinants of Health of Populations

Evans, Timothy; Evans, Robert G.; Barer, Morris L.; Marmor, Theodore R.

doi:10.2307/4065215

Cited by 249 publications

(293 citation statements)

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“…This researcher put into perspective the fact that health inequalities are not just the result of material deprivation because even relatively well-off persons have higher rates of disease. This gradient has now been observed in different countries and for almost all causes of morbidity and mortality as well as for important health risk factors such as tobacco, obesity and blood cholesterol levels (Power et al, 1991;Evans, 1994;Marmot, 1994;Acheson et al, 1998;Kubzansky et al, 1998;Anan et al, 1999;Martinez et al, 1999;Woo et al, 1999). This gradient persists even after these risk factors have been taken into account, suggesting that other risk factors have been overlooked.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Social position and nutrition: a gradient relationship in Canada and the USA

Dubois

Girard

2001

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Obejctive: To study the existence of a graded relationship between the nutrient content of the diet and some measures of social position. Design and setting: The graded relationship hypothesis was veri®ed by secondary analysis performed on two different nutrition surveys: the Quebec Nutrition Survey (QNS) and the NHANES III, both based on a single 24 h recall. The data of these surveys were collected on a representative sample of two different populations, the ®rst (n 2103) in the province of Quebec (Canada) in 1990 (QNS) and the second in the US population (n 14 877) between 1988 and 1994 (NHANES III). Main outcomes measures:The social gradient hypothesis was tested with four different social position indicators. The analyses were performed separately for men and women aged from 18 to 74 y, for all the nutrients available in the databanks. For the USA, the graded relationship for the total population, for the non-Hispanic white population and for respondents sometimes or often experiencing a lack of food was also measured. Results: A graded relationship between almost all nutrients and the studied social position measurements is observed for the consumption of total calorie-adjusted nutrients, for the proportion of people eating in accordance with dietary guidelines and for the proportion of individual not meeting 75% of the respective Recommended Dietary Allowances for their country. The direction of these relationships (positive or negative) is mainly in accordance with the clinical known impacts of nutrients on chronic diseases. Conclusions: It is possible that nutrition plays a role in the graded distribution of social health inequalities in North America even in the magnitude of this contribution remains to be evaluated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Social position and nutrition: a gradient relationship in Canada and the USA

Dubois

Girard

2001

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…In Ifugao, the model of well-being proposed by Evans and Stoddard (1994) was tested explicitly. This involved an expansion of the Amish-"English" methodology to include biological measures of individual health and function.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A conceptual model of well-being and health developed by Evans and Stoddard (1994) was used to stimulate integration of biocultural factors into community-based anthropological research at an international research development conference on health and work output . The model has been adapted to focus on older women (Fig.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postmenopausal function in context: Biocultural observations on Amish, neighboring non‐Amish, and Ifugao household health

Hewner

2001

American J Hum Biol

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Ecological approaches to female post-reproductive function must consider the social context and microenvironment of the household. A model integrating these environmental factors into the analysis of late-life well-being (operationally defined as household health) is presented and explored in three settings: an Old Order Amish community, the neighboring community of non-Amish, and an Ifugao community in the Philippine highlands. Intensive interview and observation of function were completed in a sample of at least 25 households in each community. The complex interaction of social and biological factors is explored in case studies and through multiple regression analysis with household health as the dependent variable. The results emphasize the importance of social support and assessing capabilities within the household. The results also suggest the need for natural field observation of work to better understand the influence of pacing and scheduling, necessity of work, and the role of environmental modification in postmenopausal function. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:521-530, 2001.

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“…17,19,21,[26][27][28][29][30] For example, tobacco regulatory policies may function as population-level indirect inputs that impact cigarette carcinogen exposure. Thus, people who work in smoke-free environments would potentially be exposed to less work-related tobacco carcinogens than those working in smokefilled workplaces.…”

Section: Indirectmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sociobiologic Integrative Model (SBIM): Enhancing the Integration of Sociobehavioral, Environmental, and Biomolecular Knowledge in Urban Health and Disparities Research

et al. 2007

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Disentangling the myriad determinants of disease, within the context of urban health or health disparities, requires a transdisciplinary approach. Transdisciplinary approaches draw on concepts from multiple scientific disciplines to develop a novel, integrated perspective from which to conduct scientific investigation. Most historic and contemporary conceptual models of health were derived either from the sociobehavioral sciences or the biomolecular sciences. Those models deriving from the sociobehavioral sciences generally lack detail on involved biological mechanisms whereas those derived from the biomolecular sciences largely do not consider socioenvironmental determinants. As such, advances in transdisciplinary characterizations of health in complex systems like the urban environment or health disparities may be impeded. This paper suggests a sociobiologic organizing model that encourages a multilevel, integrative perspective in the study of urban health and health disparities.

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Why Are Some People Healthy and Others Not? The Determinants of Health of Populations

Cited by 249 publications

References 0 publications

Social position and nutrition: a gradient relationship in Canada and the USA

Social position and nutrition: a gradient relationship in Canada and the USA

Postmenopausal function in context: Biocultural observations on Amish, neighboring non‐Amish, and Ifugao household health

The Sociobiologic Integrative Model (SBIM): Enhancing the Integration of Sociobehavioral, Environmental, and Biomolecular Knowledge in Urban Health and Disparities Research

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