“…Large-scale forestry plantations, on the other hand, often compete with food production and other livelihood activities and reduce resilience by emphasizing a narrow bundle of market-related income streams (Ota et al, 2020). Large scale carbon forestry and bioenergy projects have been associated with land grabs that serve interests outside the affected area and lead to a loss of local access to natural resources and land (Lyons andWestoby, 2014, Busscher et al, 2020;Blum, 2020). Rangeland areas are particularly vulnerable to such appropriation, due to tenure insecurity and a widespread perception that pastoralism is an inefficient form of land use in degraded or "idle" landscapes (Blench, 2001;Cotula et al, 2009;CELEP, 2018).…”