Whose benefit? A comparative perspective for the ISA

Moses, Jonathon W.; Brigham, Anne Margrethe

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104550

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…ISA can establish greater public participation in the ISA's meetings through providing space in the agendas of Assembly and Council meetings for public input; allowing observers to attend pre-determined portions of Finance Committee and LTC meetings, and encouraging all ISA organs, the LTC in particular, to better engage with external experts and organizations, through requests for advice [50]. ISA can also work to make as much information as public as possible, and use the regulatory control to secure a much larger public take [51]. Strengthening the multi-subject participation in the law-making of the deep seabed environmental protection of the ISA will help to promote the consensus on adopting precautionary approaches for deep seabed commercial mining governance.…”

Section: Improving the Application Of Precautionary Approaches In Dee...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Taking Precautionary Approaches to the Governance of Commercial Deep Seabed Mining: Law-Making of International Seabed Authority and Multi-Subject Participation

et al. 2023

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Although commercial deep seabed mining could provide the international community with new sources of metals and minerals, it can potentially cause adverse effects on the marine environment and biodiversity of the Area. To date, insufficient scientific knowledge has been obtained about the complex deep seabed ecosystems and the detailed impacts of deep seabed mining. The International Seabed Authority has begun to make provisions for exploiting mineral resources and related environmental protection requirements. The draft exploitation regulations take precautionary approaches such as stipulating rules, including environmental standards and guidelines, environment impact assessment, environmental management and monitoring plan, and regional environmental management plan. However, there are still apparent differences and controversies about these rules between States. This article elaborates on the evolution and content of drafted rules and explores the manifested specific divergences and interest conflicts in formulating these rules. Implementing precautionary approaches requires balancing potential serious environmental risks, available scientific evidence, and cost-effectiveness. This article also explores the essential requirements of taking precautionary approaches for governing commercial deep seabed mining. The ISA, sponsoring States, Contractors, scientists, experts, and public all play roles in the governance of imminent commercial deep seabed mining. Strengthening multi-subject participation in the ISA’s law-making process for deep seabed environmental protection can be conducive to promoting consensus on taking precautionary approaches to govern commercial deep seabed mining.

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Section: Improving the Application Of Precautionary Approaches In Dee...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Taking Precautionary Approaches to the Governance of Commercial Deep Seabed Mining: Law-Making of International Seabed Authority and Multi-Subject Participation

et al. 2023

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“…Several of the publications address the role of the International Seabed Authority (ISA) and discuss, or suggest modifications to, the legal framework at its disposal [32,128,[131][132][133][134][135][136].…”

Section: Political and Legal Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep-Sea Mining—A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Focus, Publishing Structures, International and Inter-Institutional Cooperation

Kleiv

Thornhill

2022

Minerals

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Deep-sea mining is a multidimensional concept that requires interdisciplinary research and development to close the current knowledge gaps. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of the research focus, publishing structures and international and inter-institutional cooperation as evident in academic publishing. This could aid in the identification of knowledge gaps, research opportunities, potential inter-institutional cooperation and the need for strategic investment and policy development. The analysis is based on a sample of 1935 journal papers (from 1968 to 2021) obtained by searching Elsevier’s Scopus database for publications containing an explicit reference to deep-sea mining (or equivalent terms) in their title, abstract or keywords. Publication numbers are broken down by publication year, subject area, author affiliations and source. The scientific output mirrors the commercial interest and the growing environmental concern. A detailed analysis of content is performed on the 2017-2021 subset, containing one third of the total publications. Here, China (152 publ.), the United Kingdom (133), the United States (115) and Germany (107) are the top contributors. China has had a comparatively stronger focus on engineering aspects and produces very few publications with international co-authorship. Almost half of the 2017-2021 publications focus on environmental aspects, whereas engineering aspects (especially vertical transport) are addressed by close to one third. Little is published on site remediation and ore processing, or specifically on ferromanganese crusts.

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“…Challenges become particularly visible in the International Seabed Authority's (ISA) attempt to regulate activities in the Area. First, it is unclear which activities actually do further the benefit of humanity as a whole (Moses and Brigham 2021). Second, if certain activities are permitted and the fruits thus reaped are to be distributed, what is a just allocation, both spatially and temporally (Lodge et al 2017)?…”

Section: The Common Heritagementioning

confidence: 99%

A fuzzy ontology: on the relevance of ecocentrism in marine environmental ethics

Negenborn

2021

WMU J Marit Affairs

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Governing human interaction in the maritime space implicitly rests on the ascription of value to this space. Environmental ethics helps to disentangle the many concepts of value that may come in conflict. As a particularly contested concept, ecocentrism assigns value not just at the atomistic level, but also at the holistic one. It has, however, been subject to criticism, thus challenging the validity of recent approaches to ocean management implicitly resting on ecocentric grounds. This paper provides a new justification for ecocentrism in the marine realm. Instead of relying on notions of community or teleonomy in nature, this paper builds on its ontology. It considers “the Area” beyond national jurisdiction and its declaration as “common heritage.” While a shared understanding of this concept is necessary to put it to practice in the intergovernmental sphere, the paper argues that any characterization of its ontology is subject to fuzziness. In the light of disagreement, fluctuation, and uncertainty on the atomistic level, a holistic perspective on the Area is necessary. Ecocentrism thus allows to overcome the conceptual hindrances and facilitates the implementation of a genuinely common heritage.

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Whose benefit? A comparative perspective for the ISA

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Taking Precautionary Approaches to the Governance of Commercial Deep Seabed Mining: Law-Making of International Seabed Authority and Multi-Subject Participation

Taking Precautionary Approaches to the Governance of Commercial Deep Seabed Mining: Law-Making of International Seabed Authority and Multi-Subject Participation

Deep-Sea Mining—A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Focus, Publishing Structures, International and Inter-Institutional Cooperation

A fuzzy ontology: on the relevance of ecocentrism in marine environmental ethics

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