Whole-Genome Sequence of an Avian Influenza A/H9N2 Virus Isolated from an Apparently Healthy Chicken at a Live-Poultry Market in Indonesia

Novianti, Arindita Niatazya; Rahardjo, Krisnoadi; Prasetya, Rima Ratnanggana; Nastri, Aldise Mareta; Dewantari, Jezzy Renova; Rahardjo, Adi Prijo; Estoepangestie, Agnes Theresia Soelih; Shimizu, Yohko K.; Poetranto, Emmanuel Djoko; Soegiarto, Gatot; Mori, Yasuko; Shimizu, Kazufumi

doi:10.1128/mra.01671-18

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This virus was first isolated in 1966 from turkeys in the USA and was first discovered infecting humans in 1998 in China [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. In Indonesia, the LPAI H9N2 virus has been circulating since 2016 and has caused reduction in the quality and quantity of egg production as well as increased mortality [ 13 , 14 ]. Chickens with a single H9N2 infection show clinical signs of weight loss, irregular egg shape with thin shells, and massive bleeding in the ovaries, oviduct, and other vital organs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine Efficacy on the Novel Reassortant H9N2 Virus in Indonesia

2020

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Vaccination is one of the leading methods of controlling the spread of the Avian Influenza (AI) viruses in Indonesia. The variety of circulating viruses and their ability to mutate must be followed by updating the vaccine master seed used in the field. In this study, we identified the reassortant H9N2 viruses in chicken farms that showed significant problems in decreased egg production with high mortality. The reassortant H9N2 viruses derived the PB2 gene from the H5N1 virus. The pathogenicity test results of the reassortant virus showed various clinical signs of illness, a high mortality rate (10%), and decreased egg production down to 63.12% at two weeks post-infection. In a vaccine efficacy test, the vaccinated groups showed minimally decreased egg production that started to increase to more than 80% at 4–7 weeks post-challenge. Our study showed that inactivated bivalent and monovalent reassortant H9N2 vaccines can induce antibody response, reducing the mortality and virus shedding caused by reassortant H9N2 virus infection. The reassortant H9N2 virus is a threat that requires vigilance in poultry farms and the industry. The vaccines used in this study can be one of the options for control or prevention measures on farms infected with the reassortant H9N2 viruses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine Efficacy on the Novel Reassortant H9N2 Virus in Indonesia

2020

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“…1 ). These viruses are genetically closely related to the Y280 lineage of H9N2 AIV in China [ 41 42 43 ]. In addition, The H9N2 AIV was first identified in Russia in 2012 but was not defined genetically.…”

Section: History and Current Situation Of Y280 Lineage Of H9n2 Aiv In...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current situation and control strategies of H9N2 avian influenza in South Korea

Sagong

Lee

et al. 2023

J Vet Sci

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The H9N2 avian influenza (AI) has become endemic in poultry in many countries since the 1990s, which has caused considerable economic losses in the poultry industry. Considering the long history of the low pathogenicity H9N2 AI in many countries, once H9N2 AI is introduced, it is more difficult to eradicate than high pathogenicity AI. Various preventive measures and strategies, including vaccination and active national surveillance, have been used to control the Y439 lineage of H9N2 AI in South Korea, but it took a long time for the H9N2 virus to disappear from the fields. By contrast, the novel Y280 lineage of H9N2 AI was introduced in June 2020 and has spread nationwide. This study reviews the history, genetic and pathogenic characteristics, and control strategies for Korean H9N2 AI. This review may provide some clues for establishing control strategies for endemic AIV and a newly introduced Y280 lineage of H9N2 AI in South Korea.

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“…In most of the tested samples, co-infections with infectious bronchitis viruses were found, thus partially explaining the severity of the clinical outcome. Novianti et al (2019) provided the first genetic description of A(H9N2) virus in Indonesia. The virus was isolated from an apparently healthy chicken at a live-poultry market in January 2018.…”

Section: Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza overview February– August 2019

Adlhoch¹,

Fusaro²,

Kuiken³

et al. 2019

EFS2

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Between 16 February and 15 August 2019, five HPAI A(H5N8) outbreaks at poultry establishments in Bulgaria, two low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) A(H5N1) outbreaks in poultry in Denmark and one in captive birds in Germany, one LPAI A(H7N3) outbreak in poultry in Italy and one LPAI A(H7N7) outbreak in poultry in Denmark were reported in Europe. Genetic characterisation reveals that viruses from Denmark cluster with viruses previously identified in wild birds and poultry in Europe; while the Italian isolate clusters with LPAI viruses circulating in wild birds in Central Asia. No avian influenza outbreaks in wild birds were notified in Europe in the relevant period for this report. A decreased number of outbreaks in poultry and wild birds in Asia, Africa and the Middle East was reported during the time period for this report, particularly during the last three months. Furthermore, only six affected wild birds were reported in the relevant time period of this report. Currently there is no evidence of a new HPAI virus incursion from Asia into Europe. However, passive surveillance systems may not be sensitive for early detection if the prevalence or case fatality in wild birds is very low. Therefore, it is important to encourage and maintain passive surveillance in Europe encouraging a search for carcasses of wild bird species that are in the revised list of target species in order to detect any incursion of HPAI virus early and initiate warning. No human infections due to HPAI viruses -detected in wild birds and poultry outbreaks in Europe -have been reported during the last years and the risk of zoonotic transmission to the general public in Europe is considered very low.

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Whole-Genome Sequence of an Avian Influenza A/H9N2 Virus Isolated from an Apparently Healthy Chicken at a Live-Poultry Market in Indonesia

Abstract: We isolated an avian influenza A/H9N2 virus from an apparently healthy chicken at a live-poultry market in January 2018. This is the first report of a whole-genome sequence of A/H9N2 virus in Indonesia.

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Vaccine Efficacy on the Novel Reassortant H9N2 Virus in Indonesia

Vaccine Efficacy on the Novel Reassortant H9N2 Virus in Indonesia

Current situation and control strategies of H9N2 avian influenza in South Korea

Avian influenza overview February– August 2019

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