Whole genome characterization of new bovine rotavirus G21P[29] and G24P[33] strains provides evidence for interspecies transmission

Abstract

We have reported a novel bovine rotavirus, the AzuK-1 (G21P [29]) strain, isolated from an asymptomatic calf. We isolated another bovine rotavirus, the Dai-10 strain, bearing new G24P [33] genotypes, assigned by the Rotavirus Classification Working Group (RCWG), from an asymptomatic cow in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan in 2007. To gain an insight into the origins and evolution of these strains, we determined the complete ORF sequences of all 11 genes of the two strains. The NSP3 genes of both strains were confirmed to belong to a new NSP3 genotype, T9, by the RCWG. Genotype determination of AzuK-1 and Dai-10 strains revealed that eight gene segments of both strains possessed genotypes typically observed in bovine rotaviruses, with the exception of VP4, VP7 and NSP3 gene segments. Unexpectedly, phylogenetic analyses showed that VP6 and NSP2 gene segments of the AzuK-1 and Dai-10 strains were clustered with those of simian or canine/feline rotaviruses, rather than with those of bovine rotaviruses. These findings indicate the possibility that both strains originated by interspecies transmission and multiple reassortment events involving bovine, simian and canine/feline rotaviruses, resulting in the introduction of some genes into the genetic background of bovine rotaviruses. INTRODUCTIONGroup A rotaviruses are the major pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis in infants and a wide range of animals, including birds. Rotavirus-induced diarrhoea is a serious public health problem worldwide, responsible for more than 600 000 child deaths each year (Parashar et al., 2006). Likewise, in domestic animals, rotavirus-induced diarrhoea is a major problem causing significant economic losses (Dhama et al., 2009;Martella et al., 2010).Rotaviruses are members of the family Reoviridae. Rotaviruses possess a genome of 11 segments of dsRNA, which encode six viral structural proteins (VP1-VP4, VP6 and VP7) and six non-structural proteins (NSP1-NSP6). Because of the segmented nature of the genome, a reassortment event can occur in cells co-infected with two or more different strains (Estes & Kapikian, 2007;Palombo, 2002;Ramig, 1997). The rotavirus virion is a triple-layered icosahedral particle. The outer capsid is composed of VP7 and VP4. They elicit neutralizing antibodies independently. In a dual classification system, rotaviruses are classified into 24 G genotypes and 32 P genotypes based on the nucleotide sequences of VP7 and VP4 genes, respectively (Collins et al., 2010; Esona et al., 2010;Matthijnssens et al., 2006Matthijnssens et al., , 2008a Schumann et al., 2009; Solberg et al., 2009;Ursu et al., 2009). Recently, a new classification system has been established using nucleotide sequences of all of the 11 genomic RNA segments by the Rotavirus Classification Working Group (RCWG) (Matthijnssens et al., 2008b). In this system, the The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the sequences reported in this paper are AB513836-AB513838 and AB573070-AB573086.Supplementary material is available with the online version of this paper. , 2...

Molecular characterization of group A bovine rotavirus in southeastern and central-western Brazil, 2009-2010

“…Genotype G6 was the most frequent and was identiϐied in 17 (42.5%) samples, followed by genotypes G8, G10 and G11, which were detected in ϐive (12.5%), two (5%) and one (2.5%) sample (s), respectively. (Brito et al 2000) and in other countries (Falcone et al1999, Attar et al 2002, Garaicoechea et al 2006, infections in calves caused by group A rotaviruses belonging to other G and P genotypes have also been reported (Abe et al 2011). …”

“…At least 25 different G genotypes and 33 P genotypes have been described based on molec ular differences (Collins et al 2010, Esona et al 2010, Abe et al 2011. Among these genotypes, G6, G8, and G10 are the most commonly found in cattle, associated with P[1], P[5], or P[11] (Fukai et al 1999, Ghosh et al 2008, although the occurrence of human rotavirus serotypes G1, G2, and G3, and porcine rotavirus s erotype G11 has also been reported (Hussein et al 1993).…”

Comparative In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of Porcine Rotavirus G9P[13] and Human Rotavirus Wa G1P[8]

“…This system allows international standardization for analyzing RVA interspecies evolutionary relationships, gene reassortment events, emerging RVA strains, and RVA host range restriction (9,12). Thus, full genomic sequencing and characterization of G9P [13] viruses allow whole-genome characterization and suggest their zoonotic potential by defining which gene segments are likely of swine or human origin. Knowledge of the pathogenesis and cross-protection potential of G9 RV strains will help us to understand mechanisms for the rapid global spread of G9 strains and their ability to infect diverse host species.…”

“…Based on the outer capsid VP4 (P genotype)-and VP7 (G genotype)-encoding genes, a binary classification system has been established for RVs (12). Overall, there are at least 26 G genotypes and 33 P genotypes of group A RVs (RVAs) (13,14). Globally, the G1 to G4, P[4], P[6], and P [8] genotypes are the most prevalent human RVAs (15).…”

Suspected zoonotic transmission of rotavirus group A in Danish adults

“…At present, 24 different G genotypes and 33 P genotypes have been described [3]. In Europe, the most common rotavirus types in humans are G1-G4 and G9 mainly in combination with P [8] and P [4] [4].…”