WHO working group meeting to develop WHO Recommendations to assure the quality, safety and efficacy of enterovirus 71 vaccines

Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of the Native Conformation of Enterovirus A71

“…Enterovirus A71 (EVA71) is a medically important member of the family Picornaviridae , being one of the main etiological agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). HFMD causes a substantial socioeconomic burden in regions of endemicity and, although this generally causes a mild self-limiting disease in children, outbreaks can be associated with neurological disease and death ( 1 , 2 ). Indeed, it appears that a combination of host and viral factors is associated with the likelihood of progressing to severe disease.…”

Effect of difference between EV-A71 virus epidemic strain and “vaccine strain” on neutralizing antibody titer

“…Thus, it is necessary to supervise the antigenic evolution of EV-A71 and update the vaccine in time like influenza viruses. 42–47 Although the relationship between antibody titers and protection against reinfection remains unknown, high NtAb levels are always considered to indicate recent infection. In our study, the highest percentage of high level EV-A71 NtAbs was in the group of 10–19 and 20–29.…”

Enterovirus A71 Vaccines

“…WHO organized a working group meeting in 2019 to develop WHO recommendations to assure the efficacy, safety and quality of EV-A71 vaccines. In view of its cross-reactivity with different genotypes of EV-A71, WHO recommendations suggested that the EV-A71-C4 a vaccine could be used worldwide [25].…”

“…The purified, inactivated virus was able to induce neutralizing antibodies against EV-A71 in BALB/C mice. This prototype product will be further developed into an EV-A71 vaccine candidate [25].…”