Who Inhabits a Business Ecosystem? The Technospecies as a Unifying Concept

Conceptualising Capabilities and Value Co-Creation in a Digital Business Ecosystem (DBE): A Systematic Literature Review

“…The actors in any ecosystem are very crucial since they are the ones who make up the ecosystem, and they are essential for the survival of the ecosystem. Similar to the concept of digital species suggested by Graça and Camarinha-Matos (2017), Baggio and Del Chiappa (2014), Järvi and Kortelainen (2017), Weber and Hine (2015), Lusch, Vargo, and Gustafsson (2016), Kinnunen, Sahlman, Harkonen, and Haapasalo (2013), and Valkokari (2015) postulate that DBE actors are human and non-human actors. The human actors are business actors such as commercial organisations, suppliers, buyers, producers, customers, sellers, delivery channels, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), governmental organisations, distributors, advertiser, policymaker, funders (e.g., banks, venture capitalist, angel, and corporate investors), marketers.…”

“…In terms of the definition of DBE, most sources such as Benghozi and Salvador (2014), Korpela, Ritala, Vilko, and Hallikas (2013), Baggio and Chiappa (2013), Pan, Foo, and Tan (2014), Baggio and Del Chiappa (2014), and Koch and Windsperger (2017) inherit the DBE definition from scholars Nachira et al (2007) and Corallo, Passiante, and Prencipe (2007). (Kinnunen et al, 2013) x S-28 (Koch & Windsperger, 2017) x x x S-30 (Korpela, Ritala, et al, 2013) x x x S-20 (Lusch, Vargo, & Gustafsson, 2016) x S-40 x S-31 (Nagrath et al, 2015) x S-28 (Pan, Foo, & Tan, 2014) x x x S-42 (Pattinson & Johnston, 2015) x S-7 (Valkokari, 2015) x S-45 (Vargas et al, 2016) x S-6 (Weber & Hine, 2015) x Nachira et al (2007) define DBE as a business ecosystem catalysed by ICT, whereas Corallo, Passiante, and Prencipe (2007) propounds that DBE enhances traditional collaborative ventures such as centralised (client-server), distributed (peer-to-peer models) and hybrid (such as web services) models, to form a separate holistic model. Scholars such as Djatna and Luthfiyanti (2015), Graça and Camarinha-Matos (2017), Moisescu and Sacala (2016) suggest significant definitions for DBE.…”

“…The non-human actors refer to the digital actors such as computers, software, business models, frameworks and applications. Additionally, there is an individual actor (typically a firm), the relationship between the actors (inter-firm relationship) and the ecosystem when analysing a DBE (Weber & Hine, 2015). The relationship between the actors is moving from the firm-centric relationship to more networked-based and collaboration-based relationship, which aims for fostering coopetition (competition and cooperation at the same time), value creation and co-creation.…”

Business, Innovation, and Knowledge Ecosystems: How They Differ and How to Survive and Thrive within Them

“…In an ecosystem, each actor has their own role to play and, in this way, they view the partially overlapping ecosystems from their own unique perspective. Thus, as proposed by Weber and Hine (2015), rather than focusing on ecosystems as platforms, a model should be explored where ecosystems are viewed as structures of and relationships between interacting actors. The decisions and the related actions that are taken throughout the evolution of an ecosystem also shape its present and future state, as each decision provides raw material for subsequent decisions (David, 1985;Valkokari & Valkokari, 2014).…”

Core, intertwined, and ecosystem-specific clusters in platform ecosystems: analyzing similarities in the digital transformation of the automotive, blockchain, financial, insurance and IIoT industry

“…This broader definition has since been widely maintained, with Teece (2007) defining business ecosystems as "the community of organizations, institutions, and individuals that impact the enterprise and the enterprise's customers and suppliers". There is still incertitude as to where exactly the boundary has to be drawn that separates the entities within from that outside of a specific ecosystem (Weber and Hine 2015). However, this definition also entails that a business ecosystem is constituted relative to a particular firmwith different firms that are not operating in the identical ecosystem even when they are offering similar services or products (Jacobides et al 2018).…”