Who controls the monthly variations of NH4+ nitrogen isotope composition in precipitation?

Chemical and isotopic interpretation of major ion compositions from precipitation: a one-year temporal monitoring study in Wrocław, SW Poland

“…Isotopes analysis of inorganic N, an important pollutant, have also been presented by other authors (e.g. Hoering 1957;Moore 1977;Freyer 1978a, b;Heaton 1987;Xiao et al 2012;Felix et al 2013) however not for Poland yet to our knowledge. Atmospheric NH 3 is emitted from soils, oceans and is excreted by animals (Xiao and Liu 2002); anthropogenic sources include domestic animal excreta, fertilizers and biomass burning (Prospero et al 1986;Hegg et al 1988;Denterer and Crutzen 1994;Russell et al 1998;Xiao and Liu 2002;Battye et al 2003;Sapek 2013;Prenni et al 2014).…”

“…Isotope approaches as complementary tools to chemical composition of precipitation have already proven their added value to identify the origin of pollutants (e.g. Caron and Tessier 1986;Lee et al 2012;Xiao et al 2012;Lim et al 2014). Similar approaches have already been used for characterising precipitation in Wroclaw (SW Poland) (Górka et al 2008;Szynkiewicz et al 2008;Górka et al 2011).…”

δ15N–NH4+ variations of rainwater: Application of the Rayleigh model

“…The contribution of ammonia volatilization is higher from wastes of domestic animal than from fertilizer use in China because domestic animal production has increased greatly since the late 1980s (Bouwman et al, 2002;Xiao et al, 2012Xiao et al, , 2013Liu et al, 2013). In Guiyang, southwest China, for example, the ammonium concentration has increased about for 1.8 times from 1984 to 2009 in rainwater (Galloway et al, 1987;Xiao et al, 2012).…”

“…The contribution of ammonia volatilization is higher from wastes of domestic animal than from fertilizer use in China because domestic animal production has increased greatly since the late 1980s (Bouwman et al, 2002;Xiao et al, 2012Xiao et al, , 2013Liu et al, 2013). In Guiyang, southwest China, for example, the ammonium concentration has increased about for 1.8 times from 1984 to 2009 in rainwater (Galloway et al, 1987;Xiao et al, 2012). Excessive nitrogen inputs have led to debate on the nitrogen balance between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, and many negative effects on atmospheric environment and human health (Krupa, 2003;Huang et al, 2011;Hu et al, 2014).…”

“…Stable nitrogen isotopic [δ 15 N (‰ vs at-air) = (R sample /R standard − 1) × 1000] analysis has become a robust tool in atmospheric environment research. δ 15 N-NH 4 + has been used to investigate the sources of nitrogen in many areas (Freyer, 1978;Heaton, 1987;Garten, 1992;Xiao et al, 2012). The nitrogen isotopic composition in rainwater can be affected by in-cloud and below-cloud chemical-physical processes (Heaton, 1987;Xiao et al, 2012).…”