δ15N–NH4+ variations of rainwater: Application of the Rayleigh model

Xiao, Hao; Xiao, Huayun; Long, Aimin; Liu, Cong‐Qiang

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.01.023

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…2.2) with 6 h sampling intervals that included 00: 30-06:30, 06:30-12:30, 12:30-18:30, and 18:30-00:30 LT during summer (9 to 18 August 2017) and 00:00-06:00, 06:00-12:00, 12:00-18:00, and 18:00-00:00 LT during winter (21 January to 1 February 2018). During the sampling periods, NH x collections were not conducted during precipitation periods (or forecasted precipitation periods) due to the potential role of wet scavenging to alter δ 15 N(NH 3 ) (Xiao et al, 2015). NH 3 was also collected using a passive sampler (ALPHA), in which NH 3 diffuses through a PTFE membrane and accumulates on an acid-coated (5 % citric acid (w/v) in water) cellulose filter (Albet, grade 604, 24 mm diameter) housed in a protective case.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the spatiotemporal nitrogen stable isotopic composition of ammonia in vehicle plumes

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Vehicle emissions have been identified as an important urban source of ammonia (NH3). However, there are large uncertainties regarding the contribution of vehicle emissions to urban NH3 budgets, as well as the role of NH3 in spatiotemporal fine particulate matter (PM2.5) formation and nitrogen (N) deposition patterns. The N stable isotopic composition (δ15N) may be a useful observational constraint to track NH3 emission sources and chemical processing, but previously reported vehicle δ15N(NH3) emission signatures have reported a wide range of values, indicating the need for further refinement. Here we have characterized δ15N(NH3) spatiotemporal variabilities from vehicle plumes in stationary and on-road measurements in the USA and China using an active NH3 collection technique demonstrated to accurately characterize δ15N(NH3) on the order of hourly time resolution. Significant spatial and temporal δ15N(NH3) variabilities were observed and suggested to be driven by vehicle fleet composition and influences from NH3 dry deposition on tunnel surfaces. Overall, a consistent δ15N(NH3) signature of 6.6±2.1 ‰ (x‾±1σ; n=80) was found in fresh vehicle plumes with fleet compositions typical of urban regions. Our recommended vehicle δ15N(NH3) signature is significantly different from previous reports. This difference is due to a large and consistent δ15N(NH3) bias of approximately −15.5 ‰ between commonly employed passive NH3 collection techniques and the laboratory-tested active NH3 collection technique. This work constrains the δ15N(NH3) urban traffic plume signature, which has important implications for tracking vehicle NH3 in urban-affected areas and highlights the importance of utilizing verified collection methods for accurately characterizing δ15N(NH3) values.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the spatiotemporal nitrogen stable isotopic composition of ammonia in vehicle plumes

et al. 2020

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“…Bulk-deposited NH 4 + mainly derives from below-cloud scavenging of gaseous NH 3 from local emissions and the regional transported particulate NH 4 + (aq) and liquid NH 4 + (l) in-cloud scavenging. , Raindrops primarily absorb gaseous NH 3 below clouds during high precipitation in the summer when the aerosol NH 4 + concentration is low. The scavenging of gaseous NH 3 in rain largely tends to have isotope exchange reactions in NH 3(gas) /NH 3(aq) and NH 3(gas) /NH 4 + (aq) equilibrium, which results in bulk-deposited NH 4 + enriched in 15 N relative to gaseous NH 3 . − Thus, the local NH 3 emission sources dominate the contribution to bulk-deposited nitrogen in the below-cloud scavenging process, due to the distinction in scavenging coefficients of gaseous NH 3 and NH 4 + particles. Moreover, there will be significant nitrogen isotope fractionation during mostly in-cloud and below-cloud procedures during the precipitation stage, which can change the initial isotope values of atmospheric nitrogen emission sources to some extent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Seasonal Variation in Nitrogen Isotopic Abundances of Ammonia Volatilized from a Cropland Ecosystem and Implications for Regional NH₃ Source Partitioning

Song,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Ammonia (NH 3 ) volatilization from agricultural lands is a main source of atmospheric reduced nitrogen species (NH x ). Accurately quantifying its contribution to regional atmospheric NH x deposition is critical for controlling regional air nitrogen pollution. The stable nitrogen isotope composition (expressed by δ 15 N) is a promising indicator to trace atmospheric NH x sources, presupposing a reliable nitrogen isotopic signature of NH 3 emission sources. To obtain more specific seasonal δ 15 N values of soil NH 3 volatilization for reliable regional seasonal NH 3 source partitioning, we utilized an active dynamic sampling technique to measure the δ 15 N-NH 3 values volatilized from maize cropping land in northeast China. These values varied from −38.0 to −0.2‰, with a significantly lower rate-weighted value observed in the early period (May−June, −30.5 ± 6.7‰) as compared with the late period (July−October, −8.5 ± 4.3‰). Seasonal δ 15 N-NH 3 variations were related to the main NH 3 production pathway, degree of soil ammonium consumption, and soil environment. Bayesian isotope mixing model analysis revealed that without considering the seasonal δ 15 N variation in soil-volatilized NH 3 could result in an overestimate by up to absolute 38% for agricultural volatile NH 3 to regional atmospheric bulk ammonium deposition during July−October, further demonstrating that it is essential to distinguish seasonal δ 15 N profile of agricultural volatile NH 3 in regional source apportionment.

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“…to February 1, 2018). During the sampling periods, NHx collections were not conducted during precipitation periods (or 155 forecasted precipitation periods) due to the potential role of wet scavenging to alter δ 15 N(NH3) (Xiao et al, 2015). The sampling cartridges were mounted on the roof (~3.85 m above ground) of the air monitoring station on the underside of a weatherproof shelter.…”

Section: Near-highway Measurements (Providence Ri Usa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining Ammonia Emissions in Vehicle Plumes Utilizing Nitrogen Stable Isotopes

Walters

Song

Chai

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Vehicle emissions have been identified as an important urban source of ammonia (NH3). However, there are large uncertainties regarding the contribution of vehicle emissions to urban NH3 budgets, as well as its role in spatiotemporal fine particulate matter (PM2.5) formation and nitrogen (N) deposition patterns. The N stable isotopic composition (δ15N) may be a useful observational constraint to track NH3 emission sources and chemical processing, but previously reported vehicle δ15N(NH3) emission signatures have reported a wide range of values, indicating the need for further refinement. Here we have characterized δ15N(NH3) spatiotemporal variabilities from vehicle plumes in stationary and on-road measurements in the US and China using a laboratory- and field-verified NH3 collection technique shown to be accurate for characterizing δ15N(NH3) on the order of hourly time resolution. Significant spatial and temporal δ15N(NH3) variabilities were observed and suggested to be driven by vehicle fleet composition and influences from NH3 dry deposition on tunnel surfaces. The reactive NH3 sink associated with particulate ammonium (pNH4+) formation was found to have a minimal impact on the vehicle plume δ15N(NH3) measurements due to the vast majority of NHx (= NH3 + pNH4+) residing as NH3. Overall, a consistent δ15N(NH3) signature of 6.6 ± 2.1 ‰ (x ± 1σ; n = 80) was found in vehicle plumes with fleet compositions typical of urban regions. Overall, these measurements constrain the δ15N(NH3) urban traffic plume signature, which has important implications for tracking vehicle NH3 in urban-affected areas.

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δ15N–NH4+ variations of rainwater: Application of the Rayleigh model

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

Characterizing the spatiotemporal nitrogen stable isotopic composition of ammonia in vehicle plumes

Characterizing the spatiotemporal nitrogen stable isotopic composition of ammonia in vehicle plumes

Large Seasonal Variation in Nitrogen Isotopic Abundances of Ammonia Volatilized from a Cropland Ecosystem and Implications for Regional NH₃ Source Partitioning

Constraining Ammonia Emissions in Vehicle Plumes Utilizing Nitrogen Stable Isotopes

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δ15N–NH4+ variations of rainwater: Application of the Rayleigh model

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

Characterizing the spatiotemporal nitrogen stable isotopic composition of ammonia in vehicle plumes

Characterizing the spatiotemporal nitrogen stable isotopic composition of ammonia in vehicle plumes

Large Seasonal Variation in Nitrogen Isotopic Abundances of Ammonia Volatilized from a Cropland Ecosystem and Implications for Regional NH3 Source Partitioning

Constraining Ammonia Emissions in Vehicle Plumes Utilizing Nitrogen Stable Isotopes

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Large Seasonal Variation in Nitrogen Isotopic Abundances of Ammonia Volatilized from a Cropland Ecosystem and Implications for Regional NH₃ Source Partitioning