Who Believes in Conspiracy Theories in Venezuela?

Carey, John M.

doi:10.25222/larr.88

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Alongside typically used constructs (conspiracy mentality, conspiracy beliefs), researchers have also been exploring related ones, such as a Manichaean worldview, a belief in unseen forces, fatalism ( Carey, 2019 ), a belief in an unjust world ( Furnham, 2021 ), and dangerous world beliefs ( Hart and Graether, 2018 ). They represent a particular manner of seeing the world and explaining the events taking place there.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…"; Adam-Troian et al, 2021) or the Kennedy assassination (an experiment, exposure to media news; Calfano, 2020), and in Serbia, conspiracy theories were examined related to the war in former Yugoslavia ("The Hague Tribunal was created with the main idea to only punish the Serbs"; Milošević Ðor dević et al, 2021b). fatalism (Carey, 2019), a belief in an unjust world (Furnham, 2021), and dangerous world beliefs (Hart and Graether, 2018). They represent a particular manner of seeing the world and explaining the events taking place there.…”

Section: Measurement Of Conspiracy Beliefsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contemporary trends in psychological research on conspiracy beliefs. A systematic review

et al. 2023

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BackgroundThe number of psychological studies on conspiracy beliefs has been systematically growing for about a dozen years, but in recent years, the trend has intensified. We provided a review covering the psychological literature on conspiracy beliefs from 2018 to 2021. Halfway through this period, the COVID-19 pandemic broke out, accompanied by an explosion of movements based on conspiracy theories, intensifying researchers’ interest in this issue.MethodsAdhering to PRISMA guidelines, the review systematically searched for relevant journal articles published between 2018 and 2021. A search was done on Scopus and Web of Science (only peer-reviewed journals). A study was included if it contained primary empirical data, if specific or general conspiracy belief(s) were measured and if its correlation with at least one other psychological variable was reported. All the studies were grouped for the descriptive analysis according to the methodology used, the participants’ characteristics, the continent of origin, the sample size, and the conspiracy beliefs measurement tools. Due to substantial methodological heterogeneity of the studies, narrative synthesis was performed. The five researchers were assigned specific roles at each stage of the analysis to ensure the highest quality of the research.ResultsFollowing the proposed methodology, 308 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 274 articles (417 studies) meeting the inclusion criteria were identified and included in the review. Almost half of the studies (49.6%) were conducted in European countries. The vast majority of the studies (85.7%) were carried out on samples of adult respondents. The research presents antecedents as well as (potential) consequences of conspiracy beliefs. We grouped the antecedents of conspiracy beliefs into six categories: cognitive (e.g., thinking style) motivational (e.g., uncertainty avoidance), personality (e.g., collective narcissism), psychopathology (e.g., Dark Triad traits), political (e.g., ideological orientation), and sociocultural factors (e.g., collectivism).Conclusion and limitationsThe research presents evidence on the links between conspiracy beliefs and a range of attitudes and behaviors considered unfavorable from the point of view of individuals and of the society at large. It turned out that different constructs of conspiracy thinking interact with each other. The limitations of the study are discussed in the last part of the article.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Of Conspiracy Beliefsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary trends in psychological research on conspiracy beliefs. A systematic review

et al. 2023

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“…Instances of populist conspiracism denouncing US plots abounded during the presidency of Hugo Chávez (1999-2013) – and, since 2013, by his successor Nicolás Maduro. 3 During his time in government, Chávez propagated conspiracy theories ‘at a staggering rate’ (Carey, 2019: 445). Several claims were made by the Venezuelan government, according to which the US and the CIA conspired against Chávez and planned his assassination to prevent the fulfilment of the Bolivarian revolution and attain socialism in Venezuela.…”

Section: Populist Conspiracism In Power: An Empirical Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Populists in power and conspiracy theories

Pirro

Taggart

2022

Party Politics

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The populist use of tropes such as conspiracy theories plays an increasingly important role in their politics. Populism and conspiracy theories present a number of common traits – Manichaeanism, a sense of victimhood, and an ambivalence towards representative politics – and populists’ use of conspiracy theories is politically purposeful. Targeting a conspiring elite serves to vilify real or fictional opponents and/or shield populists from hostile attacks. Looking at three cases of populists in government – Orbán in Hungary, Trump in the United States, and Chávez in Venezuela – we examine the definition of conspiring elites (who), the circumstances under which conspiracy theories are propagated (when), and the ultimate purpose of conspiratorial framing (why). We demonstrate how populists in power use conspiracy theories to demonise and delegitimise their opponents, to promote or prolong a sense of crisis, and to rally support while distracting from possible failure.

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“…Maduro has another similarity with other populist leaders: he feeds fears of external plots to distract the public's attention from daily problems inside the country. From the outset of his reign, conspiracy theories have been central to Maduro's discourse (Carey, 2019). Shortly after he took office, Maduro accused foes of plotting to assassinate him and claimed that "imperialist" enemies infected Chávez with cancer (Reuters, 2013).…”

Section: Maduro's Presidency Facing Questions Of Legitimacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicolas Maduro: A populist without popularity

Oner¹

2021

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Lacking personal charisma and booming oil revenues, Nicolas Maduro has struggled to obtain his predecessor’s popular support and failed to legitimize his rule at the polls. Instead, Maduro consolidated his power through sharing it with elites and the military. Externally, the country’s social, economic, and political environment has contributed to the growing perception among international actors that the regime is becoming ever more authoritarian and unstable.

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Who Believes in Conspiracy Theories in Venezuela?

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Contemporary trends in psychological research on conspiracy beliefs. A systematic review

Contemporary trends in psychological research on conspiracy beliefs. A systematic review

Populists in power and conspiracy theories

Nicolas Maduro: A populist without popularity

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