“…We should therefore be suspicious of any explanation for low turnout that relies on the assumption that disadvantage is correlated with satisfaction; in fact, survey data consistently indicate that abstainers are less satisfied with the state of democracy than are voters. We know, for example, that young American non-voters tend to be considerably less satisfied than voters about the state of their democracy (Wattenberg, 2008) while alienated all-age Americans are ''less likely to vote, even after controlling for all of the other demographic factors that affect voter turnout'' (Southwell, 2008: 135. See also Brody and Page, 1973;Pettersen, 1989;Nownes, 1992, Teixeira 1992Ragsdale and Rusk, 1993). Similar results are found in studies undertaken in Britain (Henn et al, 2005, 573), Canada (Pammet and Le Duc, 2003: 6), and Norway (Pettersen, 1989: 354-5).…”