White-to-White Corneal Diameter

Rüfer, Florian; Schröder, Arne; Erb, Carl

doi:10.1097/01.ico.0000148312.01805.53

Cited by 284 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…The horizontal diameter in the canine cornea ranges from 13 to 17 mm depending on the breed, 39 while the average human cornea horizontal diameter is 11.7 mm. 40 The canine corneas used in this study had a slightly thicker cornea than the average human cornea (603 ± 44 μm versus 536 ± 31 μm 41 ). The radius of curvature in the canine cornea has been reported to be approximately 8.5 mm, 42 which is slightly larger than that of human corneas (ie, 7.8 mm).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Spatially heterogeneous corneal mechanical responses before and after riboflavin–ultraviolet-A crosslinking

Palko

Tang

Perez

et al. 2014

Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery

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PURPOSE To determine the heterogeneous through-thickness strains in the cornea at physiologic intraocular pressures before and after corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) using noninvasive ultrasound. SETTING Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. DESIGN Experimental study. METHODS Sixteen paired canine corneoscleral shells were divided into 2 groups. The CXL group completed a standard CXL protocol using riboflavin–ultraviolet-A (UVA) irradiation. The control group was given an identical treatment except UVA irradiation. Ultrasound scans (at 55 MHz) of the cornea were obtained before and after treatment as the corneoscleral shell was inflated from 5 mm Hg to 45 mm Hg to calculate the distributive through-thickness strains in the cornea. The mean radial and tangential strains of the whole cornea layer, as well as those of the anterior, middle, and posterior thirds of the cornea, were compared before and after treatment in the control group and CXL group using linear mixed models with repeated measures. RESULTS Significant reductions in tangential and radial strains occurred in the CXL group (P=.003 and P=.0025, respectively) but not the control group (P=.08 and P=.63, respectively). The anterior third had the smallest strains in all pretreated corneas (P<.001) and posttreated corneas (CXL group, P=.023; control group, P=.01). CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound speckle tracking showed heterogeneous strain distributions through the cornea and confirmed that CXL results in a stiffer corneal response (ie, smaller strains during physiologic loadings). This technique may provide a clinical tool to quantify the biomechanical effects of CXL. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Spatially heterogeneous corneal mechanical responses before and after riboflavin–ultraviolet-A crosslinking

Palko

Tang

Perez

et al. 2014

Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery

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“…According to the latest study dealing with the determination of the diameters of the cornea, the lower limit is 11.0 mm in the case of men and 10.7 mm in the case of women [7]. Inoue in his study makes an account of the presence of secondary Descemet's membrane in the case of microcornea [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Microcornea associated with myopia

Sohajda

Holló

Berta

et al. 2006

Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmo

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“…The outermost layer, and the primary barrier to threats from the outside environment, is the corneal epithelium that is composed of non-keratinized, stratified squamous epithelial cells (Rufer et al, 2005). The thickness of the corneal epithelium is remarkably constant in different species, ranging from 45 to 50 µm in human, mouse and rabbit (Cavanagh et al, 2002; Moller-Pedersen et al, 1998c; Robertson et al, 2006).…”

Section: Corneal Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular and extracellular matrix modulation of corneal stromal opacity

Torricelli

Wilson

2014

Experimental Eye Research

100

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Stromal transparency is a critical factor contributing to normal function of the visual system. Corneal injury, surgery, disease and infection elicit complex wound healing responses that serve to protect against insults and maintain the integrity of the cornea, and subsequently to restore corneal structure and transparency. However, in some cases these processes result in prolonged loss of corneal transparency and resulting diminished vision. Corneal opacity is mediated by the complex actions of many cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines produced by the epithelial cells, stromal cells, bone marrow-derived cells, lacrimal tissues, and nerves. Myofibroblasts, and the disorganized extracellular matrix produced by these cells, are critical determinants of the level and persistence of stromal opacity after corneal injury. Decreases in corneal crystallins in myofibroblasts and corneal fibroblasts contribute to cellular opacity in the stroma. Regeneration of a fully functional epithelial basement membrane (BM) appears to have a critical role in the maintenance of corneal stromal transparency after mild injuries and recovery of transparency when opacity is generated after severe injuries. The epithelial BM likely has a regulatory function whereby it modulates epithelium-derived growth factors such as transforming growth factor (TGF) β and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) that drive the development and persistence of myofibroblasts from precursor cells. The purpose of this article is to review the factors involved in the maintenance of corneal transparency and to highlight the mechanisms involved in the appearance, persistency and regression of corneal opacity after stromal injury.

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White-to-White Corneal Diameter

Cited by 284 publications

References 11 publications

Spatially heterogeneous corneal mechanical responses before and after riboflavin–ultraviolet-A crosslinking

Spatially heterogeneous corneal mechanical responses before and after riboflavin–ultraviolet-A crosslinking

Microcornea associated with myopia

Cellular and extracellular matrix modulation of corneal stromal opacity

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