White-tailed Deer Dispersal Behavior in an Agricultural Environment

Nixon, Charles M.; Mankin, Philip C.; Etter, Dwayne R.; Hansen, Lonnie P.; Brewer, Paul; Chelsvig, James E.; Esker, Terry L.; Sullivan, Joseph B.

doi:10.1674/0003-0031(2007)157[212:wddbia]2.0.co;2

Cited by 47 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Furthermore, winter home range sizes average 5.2 km 2 (~2 sections). In habitats similar to our study area, Nixon et al 19 the other 15% were within seasonal movement ranges. Whenever possible control animals were selected from the same harvest year as the CWD case.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Dissimilarities in genetic composition between the Illinois and Wisconsin herds could be attributed to barriers such as notable habitat variation between the two study sites, 31 or differences in patterns of deer dispersal in agricultural environments compared to forested environments. 19 Differences in the proportion of even fairly rare individual genotypes with a degree of genetic resistance might be important in CWD spread within discrete populations. By analogy with herd immunity, 32 resistant individuals might reduce efficiency of transmission by direct animal contact disproportionately to their numbers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prion sequence polymorphisms and chronic wasting disease resistance in Illinois white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Kelly

Mateus‐Pinilla

Diffendorfer

et al. 2008

Prion

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Nucleic acid sequences of the prion gene (PRNP) were examined and genotypes compiled for 76 white-tailed deer from northern Illinois, which previously tested positive for chronic wasting disease (CWD), and 120 negative animals selected to control for geographic location and age. Nine nucleotide polymorphisms, seven silent and two coding, were found in the sampled population. All observed polymorphisms except two of very low frequency were observed in both negative and positive animals, although five polymorphic loci had significantly different distributions of alleles between infected and non-infected individuals. Nucleotide base changes 60C/T, 285A/C, 286G/A and 555C/T were observed with higher than expected frequencies in CWD negative animals suggesting disease resistance, while 153C/T was observed more than expected in positive animals, suggesting susceptibility. The two coding polymorphisms, 285A/C (Q95H) and 286G/A (G96S), have been described in white-tailed deer populations sampled in Colorado and Wisconsin. Frequency distributions of coding polymorphisms in Wisconsin and Illinois deer populations were different, an unexpected result considering the sampled areas are less than 150 km apart. The total number of polymorphisms per animal, silent or coding, was negatively correlated to disease status. The potential importance of silent polymorphisms

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prion sequence polymorphisms and chronic wasting disease resistance in Illinois white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Kelly

Mateus‐Pinilla

Diffendorfer

et al. 2008

Prion

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show abstract

“…Telemetry research showed that migration and dispersal are more common and longer ranging in areas with sparse or less permanent forest cover-even among generally philopatric females (Nixon et al 2007;2008). These patterns corroborate our finding of differences between the forested western ecoregion and the open plains habitat in the east, with generally lower levels of differentiation among populations in the Southeast Glacial Plains.…”

Section: Spatial Genetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and Distribution of White-Tailed Deer mtDNA Lineages in Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) Outbreak Areas in Southern Wisconsin, USA

Rogers

Robinson

Samuel

et al. 2011

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy affecting North American cervids. Because it is uniformly fatal, the disease is a major concern in the management of white-tailed deer populations. Management programs to control CWD require improved knowledge of deer interaction, movement, and population connectivity that could influence disease transmission and spread. Genetic methods were employed to evaluate connectivity among populations in the CWD management zone of southern Wisconsin. A 576-base-pair region of the mitochondrial DNA of 359 white-tailed deer from 12 sample populations was analyzed. Fifty-eight variable sites were detected within the sequence, defining 43 haplotypes. While most sample populations displayed similar levels of haplotype diversity, individual haplotypes were clustered on the landscape. Spatial clusters of different haplotypes were apparent in distinct ecoregions surrounding CWD outbreak areas. The spatial distribution of mtDNA haplotypes suggests that clustering of the deer matrilineal groups and population connectivity are associated with broad-scale geographic landscape features. These landscape characteristics may also influence the contact rates between groups and therefore the potential spread of CWD; this may be especially true of local disease spread between female social groups. Our results suggest that optimal CWD management needs to be tailored to fit gender-specific dispersal behaviors and regional differences in deer population connectivity. This information will help wildlife managers design surveillance and monitoring efforts based on population interactions and potential deer movement among CWD-affected and unaffected areas.

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“…Because animals favor shade, trees can be strategically planted to manipulate herd activity and distribution in the silvopastoral landscape. Other animals, such as wildlife, can also benefit from the tree component in silvopastures for habitat, protection, and feed; these range from insects (Fonte et al, 2012) to large ungulates (Nixon and Mankin, 2011). The case for avifauna, including migratory species, is especially strong in neotropical regions (McDermott and Rodewald, 2014).…”

Section: Shade and Windbreaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree legumes: an underexploited resource in warm-climate silvopastures

et al. 2017

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-Tree legumes are an underexploited resource in warm-climate silvopastures. Perceived benefits of tree legumes include provisioning (browse/mast, timber, fuel, human food, natural medicines, and ornamentals), regulating (C sequestration, greenhouse gas mitigation, soil erosion control and riparian buffers, shade, windbreaks, and habitat for pollinators), supporting (biological N 2 -fixation, nutrient cycling, soil fertility and soil health, photosynthesis, and primary productivity), and cultural ecosystem services. Tree legumes, however, have not been assessed to the same extent as herbaceous legumes. Once tree legumes are established, they are often more persistent than most herbaceous legumes. There are limitations for extended research with tree legume silvopastures, but extensive research has been done in Africa and Australia and recent efforts have been reported in South America. Economic benefits must be demonstrated to land managers to increase adoption. These benefits are apparent in the research and successes already available, but more long-term research, including the livestock component is necessary. Other factors that reduce adoption include paucity of domesticated germplasm, lag in research/technology, challenges of multipurpose trees and management complexity, challenges to mechanization, dangers of invasive weeds, and social and cultural barriers. In the current scenario of climate change and the need to increase food security, tree legumes are a key component for the sustainable intensification of livestock systems in warm-climate regions.Key Words: biological N 2 fixation, ecosystem services, grassland, nutrient cycling, tropical Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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White-tailed Deer Dispersal Behavior in an Agricultural Environment

Cited by 47 publications

References 27 publications

Prion sequence polymorphisms and chronic wasting disease resistance in Illinois white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Prion sequence polymorphisms and chronic wasting disease resistance in Illinois white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Diversity and Distribution of White-Tailed Deer mtDNA Lineages in Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) Outbreak Areas in Southern Wisconsin, USA

Tree legumes: an underexploited resource in warm-climate silvopastures

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