White Spot Syndrome Virus in cultured shrimp: A review

Sánchez‐Martínez, Jesús Genaro; Aguirre‐Guzmán, Gabriel; Mejı́a-Ruı́z, Humberto

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01827.x

Cited by 121 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 116 publications

(198 reference statements)

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“…Una de las enfermedades de peneidos más letales, es la producida por el virus de la mancha blanca (white spot syndrome virus, WSV o WSSV), que además afecta varias especies de crustáceos decápodos de ambientes marinos, estuarinos y de agua dulce (Lo et al 1996, Corbel et al 2001, Chakraborty et al 2002, Sánchez-Martínez et al 2007). Esta enfermedad puede producir mortalidades acumulativas en estanques de cultivo del 80 al 100% después de 7 a 10 días de la infección (Nakano et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Prevalencia y distribución de los principales agentes etiológicos que afectan los langostinos silvestres en Tumbes, Perú

2011

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ResumenSe determinó la prevalencia y distribución de diferentes agentes patógenos en langostinos silvestres, en la zona de esteros de la Región Tumbes -Perú, entre marzo y diciembre de 2009. Los canales de marea considerados en este estudio fueron: Boca del Río Tumbes, El Alcalde, Jelí, El Bendito, Envidia, Soledad y Algarrobo. Se colectó un total de 1926 langostinos entre juveniles y pre-adultos de las especies Litopenaeus vannamei, L. stylirostris y Farfantepenaeus californiensis. Utilizando la técnica de la PCR, se detectó la presencia de los patógenos NHPB (0,62%), IHHNV (0,31%), BP (1,61%) y WSV (2,75%); no se encontró infección por TSV. Las tres especies en estudio fueron positivas a WSV y BP, presentándose la mayor prevalencia de infección por WSV (2,98%) en la especie L. stylirostris y por BP (2,66%) en L. vannamei. La NHPB fue detectada en las especies L. vannamei y L. stylirostris con 0,77% y 0,43% de prevalencia respectivamente. Se obtuvo una prevalencia de 0,52% para IHHNV en L. vannamei. Las más altas prevalencias de las infecciones por WSV, BP, NHPB e IHHNV se registraron en los canales de marea El Alcalde (10,79%), Algarrobo (4,51%), Envidia (2,26%) y Jelí (5,05%). Los datos señalan la presencia constante de diversos patógenos virales y bacterianos en diferentes especies de peneidos y su amplia distribución a lo largo del litoral tumbesino, lo que constituye un riesgo potencial para el desarrollo de la acuicultura en la región, y podría afectar las poblaciones naturales de langostinos.Palabras Clave: Prevalencia, WSV, IHHNV, BP, enfermedades langostinos. AbstractPrevalence and distribution of different pathogens of wild shrimp in the tidal channels of the Region TumbesPeru, during March to December 2009. The tidal channels considered in this study were: Boca del Rio Tumbes, El Alcalde, Jelí, El Bendito, Envidia, Soledad and Algarrobo. We collected a total of 1926 shrimps between juvenile and pre-adults of the species Litopenaeus vannamei, L. stylirostris y Farfantepenaeus californiensis. Using the PCR technique, detected the presence of pathogens NHPB (0.62%), IHHNV (0.31%), BP (1.61%) and WSV (2.75%); no infection was found by TSV. The three species studied were positive for WSV and BP showed the highest prevalence of WSV infection (2.98%) in the species L. stylirostris and BP (2.66%) in L. vannamei. The NHPB was detected in the species L. vannamei, L. stylirostris to 0.77% and 0.43% prevalence respectively. There was a prevalence of 0.52% for IHHNV in L. vannamei. The highest prevalence of infections WSV, BP, NHPB and IHHNV were recorded in the tidal channels El Alcalde (10.79%), Algarrobo (4.51%), Envidia (2.26%) and Jelí (5.05%) respectively. Data showed that the constant presence of various pathogens in different penaeid species and their wide distribution along the coast Tumbes, which could produce an impact on wild stocks of shrimp and being a potential risk for development of aquaculture in the region.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Prevalencia y distribución de los principales agentes etiológicos que afectan los langostinos silvestres en Tumbes, Perú

2011

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“…White spot disease was first documented in literature in 1994 from Japan [24], but there are reports of mass mortalities due to this disease in China in 1992. The disease spread very rapidly in Asia and caused serious losses to shrimp aquaculture industry in the region since the mid nineties and the cumulative loss has been estimated to be over $10 billion [14,20]. The spread of this virus from Asia to America and Europe has been due to movement of live crustaceans or due to feeding of broodstock with shrimp carcasses from Asia in aquaculture facilities.…”

Section: Disease Transmission Risk From Shrimps Exported For Human Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Shrimp Viral Diseases, Import Risk Assessment and International Trade

Karunasagar

Ababouch

2012

Indian J. Virol.

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Shrimp is an important commodity in international trade accounting for 15 % in terms of value of internationally traded seafood products which reached $102.00 billion in 2008. Aquaculture contributes to over 50 % of global shrimp production. One of the major constraints faced by shrimp aquaculture is the loss due to viral diseases like white spot syndrome, yellow head disease, and Taura syndrome. There are several examples of global spread of shrimp diseases due to importation of live shrimp for aquaculture. Though millions of tonnes of frozen or processed shrimp have been traded internationally during the last two decades despite prevalence of viral diseases in shrimp producing areas in Asia and the Americas, there is no evidence of diseases having been transmitted through shrimp imported for human consumption. The guidelines developed by the World Animal Health Organisation for movement of live animals for aquaculture, frozen crustaceans for human consumption, and the regulations implemented by some shrimp importing regions in the world are reviewed.

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“…In aquaculture ponds, infection can lead to 100% shrimp mortality within 3 to 10 d after the appearance of the first clinical signs of white spot disease (WSD) (EscobedoBonilla et al 2008) and currently there are no effective treatments. Once WSSV enters a pond, it can spread rapidly and uncontrollably (Sánchez-Martínez et al 2007). Thus the only means of minimizing the impact of WSD is to restrict or reduce virus entry into ponds (Sritunyalucksana et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crassostrea gigas oysters as a shrimp farm bioindicator of white spot syndrome virus

et al. 2012

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This study explored whether Crassostrea gigas oysters can be used as a bioindicator of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in shrimp farm water canals. Bioassays showed that C. gigas can accumulate WSSV in their gills and digestive glands but do not become infected, either by exposure to seawater containing WSSV or by cohabitation with infected shrimp. The use of a WSSV nested PCR to screen oysters placed in water canals at the entry of a shrimp farm allowed WSSV to be detected 16 d prior to the disease occurring. The finding that C. gigas can concentrate small amounts of WSSV present in seawater without being harmed makes it an ideal sentinel species at shrimp farms. KEY WORDS: WSSV · Disease management · Bivalve · Sentinel speciesResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Dis Aquat Org 98: 201-207, 2012 ters placed in water supply canals at a farm where a WSD outbreak had occurred (Vazquez-Boucard et al. 2010). Here, oysters were investigated for their potential use as an early warning bioindicator of WSSV in shrimp farm water inlets. Before examining the use of C. gigas oysters at a local shrimp farm, laboratory bioassays were performed to confirm their ability to accumulate WSSV and insusceptibility to infection and disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Virus inoculumAbdominal tissue of WSSV-infected Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp was homogenized with phosphatebuffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4, 1:10 v/v) and clarified at 3500 × g for 20 min at 4°C. The supernatant was transferred to a clean tube and clarified further at 13 000 × g for 20 min at 4°C. This highly clarified supernatant was then filtered through a 0.2 µm membrane filter and serial 10-fold dilutions (10 ) were prepared in PBS. Aliquots (50 µl) of each dilution were injected into tail muscle of 5 L. vannamei weighing 40 ± 4 g (mean ± SE). Prior to inoculation, haemolymph collected from several shrimp was tested by PCR to confirm the absence of WSSV infection. Individual shrimp were held in 10 l tanks containing aerated sea water at 27 ± 1°C and 35 g l −1 salinity and ob served every 12 h; any dead or moribund shrimp were removed and frozen at −80°C. At Day 5 post-injection (p.i.), muscle tissue from all stored moribund and dead shrimp was tested for WSSV using a nested PCR. The virus infection dose 50% endpoint (ID 50 ) was calculated using the method of Reed & Muench (1938), as adapted by EscobedoBonilla et al. (2005) for WSSV in Litopenaeus vannamei, and was expressed per ml of filtrate. Briefly, the percent mortality (M ) was determined at each inoculum dilution and the proportional distance (50% − M b )/(M a − M b ) was calculated using the mortalities at the dilutions directly above (a) and below (b) the 50% mortality point. The proportional distance was then added to the log 10 of Dilution b in order to derive ID 50 ml −1 for the inoculum following correction for the injection of a 50 µl volume. Infection bioassaysTo determine whether Crassostrea gigas is susceptible to WSSV infection, (1) WSSV-free oysters an...

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White Spot Syndrome Virus in cultured shrimp: A review

Cited by 121 publications

References 116 publications

Prevalencia y distribución de los principales agentes etiológicos que afectan los langostinos silvestres en Tumbes, Perú

Prevalencia y distribución de los principales agentes etiológicos que afectan los langostinos silvestres en Tumbes, Perú

Shrimp Viral Diseases, Import Risk Assessment and International Trade

Crassostrea gigas oysters as a shrimp farm bioindicator of white spot syndrome virus

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