White piedra: further evidence of a synergistic infection

Youker, Summer R.; Andreozzi, Robert J.; Appelbaum, Peter C.; Credito, Kim; Miller, Jeffrey J.

doi:10.1067/s0190-9622(03)00459-6

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Although there is no consensus on the route of infection of human beings, close contact with an incident case, hair humidity, and the length of the scalp hair have all been recognized as risk factors for acquiring white piedra (96,153,158,197).…”

Section: Sources Of Superficial and Invasive Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Knowledge of Trichosporon spp. and Trichosporonosis

2011

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SUMMARY Trichosporon spp. are basidiomycetous yeast-like fungi found widely in nature. Clinical isolates are generally related to superficial infections. However, this fungus has been recognized as an opportunistic agent of invasive infections, mostly in cancer patients and those exposed to invasive medical procedures. It is possible that the ability of Trichosporon strains to form biofilms on implanted devices, the presence of glucuronoxylomannan in their cell walls, and the ability to produce proteases and lipases are all factors likely related to the virulence of this genus and therefore may account for the progress of invasive trichosporonosis. Disseminated trichosporonosis has been increasingly reported worldwide and represents a challenge for both diagnosis and species identification. Phenotypic identification methods are useful for Trichosporon sp. screening, but only molecular methods, such as IGS region sequencing, allow the complete identification of Trichosporon isolates at the species level. Methods for the diagnosis of invasive trichosporonosis include PCR-based methods, Luminex xMAP technology, and, more recently, proteomics. Treating patients with trichosporonosis remains a challenge because of limited data on the in vitro and in vivo activities of antifungal drugs against clinically relevant species of the genus. Despite the mentioned limitations, the use of antifungal regimens containing triazoles appears to be the best therapeutic approach.

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Section: Sources Of Superficial and Invasive Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concomitant hair infection by Trichosporon spp. and corynebacteria has been demonstrated by electron microscopy and histochemical evaluation of concretions, and it is still unclear whether the proteolytic capabilities of the coryneform bacteria may be relevant for the establishment of fungal infection (53,54,65,67,92,96,177,197).…”

Section: Superficial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Knowledge of Trichosporon spp. and Trichosporonosis

2011

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“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] It is not clear how Trichosporonosis can be acquired, but the following possibilities can be envisaged: (i) poor hygiene, (ii) bathing in contaminated water, (iii) sexual transmission, (iv) hair humidity and the length of the scalp hair (more specifically in the case of acquiring white piedra), (v) gastrointestinal colonization and further translocation throughout the gut (deep-seated infections), and (vi) exogenously acquired through a percutaneously inserted intravascular catheter via colonized skin. [13][14][15][16][17][18] In spite of the fact that Trichosporon spp are probably the second or third most common non-Candida yeast infections causing invasive disease in patients with hematological cancer, there are few reports related to virulence factors of this genus. 2,[19][20][21] The main causes of infection by invasive Trichosporon spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of animal infection models and antifungal efficacy assays against clinical isolates ofTrichosporon asahii,T. asteroidesandT. inkin

et al. 2015

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The present study developed Galleria mellonella and murine infection models for the study of Trichosporon infections. The utility of the developed animal models was demonstrated through the assessment of virulence and antifungal efficacy for 7 clinical isolates of Trichosporon asahii, T. asteroides and T. inkin. The susceptibility of the Trichosporon isolates to several common antifungal drugs was tested in vitro using the broth microdilution and the Etest methods. The E-test method depicted a lower minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for amphotericin and a slightly higher MIC for caspofungin, while MICs observed for the azoles were different but comparable between both methods. All three Trichosporon species established infection in both the G. mellonella and immunosuppressed murine models. Species and strain dependent differences were observed in both the G. mellonella and murine models. T. asahii was demonstrated to be more virulent than the other 2 species in both animal hosts. Significant differences in virulence were observed between strains for T. asteroides in the murine model. In both animal models, fluconazole and voriconazole were able to improve the survival of the animals compared to the untreated control groups infected with any of the 3 Trichosporon species. In G. mellonella, amphotericin was not able to reduce mortality in any of the 3 species. In contrast, amphotericin was able to reduce murine mortality in the T. asahii or T. inkin models, respectively. Hence, the developed animal infection models can be directly applicable to the future deeper investigation of the molecular determinants of Trichosporon virulence and antifungal resistance.

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“…is known worldwide as white piedra and is considered a sporadic infection that occurs in tropical and temperate climates (Fishman et al 1980, Thérizol-Ferly et al 1994, Elmer et al 2002, Youker et al 2003, Ghorpade 2004, Kiken et al 2006, mostly in rainy periods (Kamalam et al 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are also some cases in the USA (Elmer et al 2002, Youker et al 2003, Kiken et al 2006 and it has been found to be endemic to Texas (Kalter et al 1986). Although some authors recorded the disease in India, after three years of investigation, Kamalam et al (1981) found just four cases of white piedra in that country.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%