White paper on the promotion of an integrated risk assessment concept in European regulatory frameworks for chemicals

Wilks, Martin F.; Roth, Nicolas; Aicher, Lothar; Faust, Martin L.; Papadaki, P.; Marchis, Alexandru Vasile; Calliera, Maura; Ginebreda, Antoni; Andrès, Sandrine; Kühne, Ralph; Schüürmann, Gerrit

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.065

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Wilks et al. () acknowledged the need to include behaviors, socioeconomics, perceptions, and values to improve risk characterization and management through a holistic approach to benefit communities and improve drinking water management. Bridges (), Liu, Lu, Chen, and Shen (), Serre et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Perception and Human Health Risk in Rural Communities Consuming Unregulated Well Water in Saskatchewan, Canada

et al. 2019

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Rural communities dependent on unregulated drinking water are potentially at increased health risk from exposure to contaminants. Perception of drinking water safety influences water consumption, exposure, and health risk. A community‐based participatory approach and probabilistic Bayesian methods were applied to integrate risk perception in a holistic human health risk assessment. Tap water arsenic concentrations and risk perception data were collected from two Saskatchewan communities. Drinking water health standards were exceeded in 67% (51/76) of households in Rural Municipality #184 (RM184) and 56% (25/45) in Beardy's and Okemasis First Nation (BOFN). There was no association between the presence of a health exceedance and risk perception. Households in RM184 or with an annual income >$50,000 were most likely to have in‐house water treatment. The probability of consuming tap water perceived as safe (92%) or not safe (0%) suggested that households in RM184 were unlikely to drink water perceived as not safe. The probability of drinking tap water perceived as safe (77%) or as not safe (11%) suggested households in BOFN contradicted their perception and consumed water perceived as unsafe. Integration of risk perception lowered the adult incremental lifetime cancer risk by 3% to 1.3 × 10−5 (95% CI 8.4 × 10−8 to 9.0 × 10−5) for RM184 and by 8.9 × 10−6 (95% CI 2.2 × 10−7 to 5.9 × 10−5) for BOFN. Probability of exposure to arsenic concentrations >1:100,000, negligible cancer risk, was 23% for RM184 and 22% for BOFN.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Perception and Human Health Risk in Rural Communities Consuming Unregulated Well Water in Saskatchewan, Canada

et al. 2019

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“…V nadväz-nosti na uvedené, FP7 koordinačný projekt HEROIC1 má za cieľ konsolidovať doterajšie poznatky a zistiť, čo je potrebné pre ďalší rozvoj a podporu IRA (45). WHO v roku 2001 načrtla všeobecný rámec pre IRA, ktorý môže byť použitý ako usmernenie aplikovateľné pre všet-ky chemické kategórie a ktorý sa zaoberá reálnymi multichemickými, multimediálnymi a viacdruhovými expozíciami prostredníctvom rôznych ciest.…”

Section: Od Izolovaného Hodnotenia Rizika Pre Zdravie ľUdí K Jeho Preunclassified

“…IRA bola WHO definovaná ako "prístup na vedeckom základe, ktorý kombinuje procesy odhadu rizika pre ľudí, živé organizmy a prírodné zdroje v jednom hodnotení" (46). Wilks použil pracovnú definíciu IRA ako "vzájomné využíva-nie hodnotenia rizika pre životné prostredie pre hodnotenie rizika pre zdravie ľudí a vice versa s cieľom ucelene a účinnejšie charakterizovať celkové riziko pre človeka a životné prostredie v procese analýzy rizika" (45). Ústred-ným prvkom IRA je, že združuje nezávislé zdroje toxikologických a ekotoxikologických údajov, ktoré sú zvyčajne vedené oddelene, za účelom komplexnejšieho, efektívnejšieho a informatívnejšieho hodnotenia rizika (47).…”

Section: Od Izolovaného Hodnotenia Rizika Pre Zdravie ľUdí K Jeho Preunclassified

Current Trends in the Process of Risk Assessment of Exposure to Xenobiotics Including Dietary Intake

Kromerová¹,

Bencko²

2017

Hygiena

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54HYGIENA § § 62(2) § 54-61 PŘEHLEDOVÉ PRÁCE SÚHRNNové tendencie v oblasti hodnotenia rizika z expozície cudzorodým látkam vrátane tej z potravín sú reakciou na zrýchľujúci sa pokrok v oblasti vedy, metodiky hodnotenia rizika, generovania a prístupu k obrovskému množstvu dát o rôznych faktoroch a parametroch, zmenám v regulačnom prostredí. Na druhej strane samé osebe vytvárajú ďalšie výzvy. Možno konštatovať, že je jednoznačná tendencia k integrovanému prístupu v hodnotení rizika expozície cudzorodým látkam vrátane expozície z potravinového reťazca na viacerých úrovniach. Cieľom uplatňovania týchto prístupov je, že výsledok procesu hodnotenia rizika, jeho kvalifikovaný odhad zakotvený legislatívne, sa bude v najväčšej možnej miere blížiť reálnej situácii. Takto poskytne spoľahlivý podklad pre efektívne riadenie únosnosti miery rizika pre zdravie ľudí za účelom jeho minimalizácie pri rešpektovaní princípu predbežnej opatrnosti.Kľúčové slová: hodnotenie zdravotných rizík (HRA), xenobiotika, ťažké kovy, dietárna expozícia, potraviny SUMMARYNew trends in risk assessment of exposure to xenobiotics (including via food) respond to rapid advances in science, risk assessment methodologies, the generation of and access to a huge volume of data on various factors and parameters and changes in the regulatory environment. On the other hand, as such they constitute additional challenges. There is a clear tendency for an integrated approach to risk assessment of exposure to xenobiotics including those in the food chain on several levels. The aim of these approaches is to ensure that the result of the risk assessment process by its qualified estimation as established by law reflects as closely as possible the real situation. In this way a reliable basis for effective management of acceptable levels of the health risk is provided in the interests of minimizing risk and respecting the precautionary principle. Množstvo chemických látok antropogénneho a prí-rodného pôvodu vstupuje do krmív pre zvieratá, potravín a vody buď ako nežiadúce kontaminanty alebo ako súčasť zložiek stravy (1). Xenobiotiká sú kontaminanty v biosfére, aj keď nie všetky kontaminanty sú xenobiotiká. Syntetické xenobiotiká tvoria zvyčajne chemické látky, ako sú napr. produkty petrochémie, pesticídy a plasty. Stále rastúci podiel populácie ľudí je cestou potravinového reťazca a pitnou vodou vystavených pôso-beniu širokého spektra rôznych xenobiotík (2). Legislatíva Európskej únie definuje kontaminanty ako látky, ktoré neboli zámerne pridané do potraviny a ktoré sú v potravine prítomné ako dôsledok produkcie (vrátane operácií uskutočnených v rámci pestovania a zberu plodín, chovu dobytka a veterinárneho lekárstva), výroby, spracovania, úpravy, ošetrenia, zabalenia, obalu, dopravy a skladovania alebo ako dôsledok kontaminácie životné-ho prostredia. Cudzie predmety ako napr. časti hmyzu, živočíšna srsť, atď., nespadajú pod túto definíciu kontaminantov (3).V prípade niektorých chemických látok bolo dokáza-né, že expozícia z potravín tvorí viac ako 90 % celkovej humá...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Risk assessment (RA) is a key component of public policies related to the regulation of biological and chemical compounds used in human activities, e.g., pesticides and biotechnology-based plants in agriculture and chemicals in industry. (1,2) RA is also a key component in human, animal, and plant epidemiology, specifically regarding the control of viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens. (3) To assess the impact of such contaminants on humans, animals, plants, and ecosystems, RA deals with (i) the intrinsic hazard associated to the contaminants and (ii) the actual level of exposure of those individuals that may be harmed by these contaminants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Spatio‐Temporal Exposure‐Hazard Model for Assessing Biological Risk and Impact

et al. 2017

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We developed a simulation model for quantifying the spatio-temporal distribution of contaminants (e.g., xenobiotics) and assessing the risk of exposed populations at the landscape level. The model is a spatio-temporal exposure-hazard model based on (i) tools of stochastic geometry (marked polygon and point processes) for structuring the landscape and describing the exposed individuals, (ii) a dispersal kernel describing the dissemination of contaminants from polygon sources, and (iii) an (eco)toxicological equation describing the toxicokinetics and dynamics of contaminants in affected individuals. The model was implemented in the briskaR package (biological risk assessment with R) of the R software. This article presents the model background, the use of the package in an illustrative example, namely, the effect of genetically modified maize pollen on nontarget Lepidoptera, and typical comparisons of landscape configurations that can be carried out with our model (different configurations lead to different mortality rates in the treated example). In real case studies, parameters and parametric functions encountered in the model will have to be precisely specified to obtain realistic measures of risk and impact and accurate comparisons of landscape configurations. Our modeling framework could be applied to study other risks related to agriculture, for instance, pathogen spread in crops or livestock, and could be adapted to cope with other hazards such as toxic emissions from industrial areas having health effects on surrounding populations. Moreover, the R package has the potential to help risk managers in running quantitative risk assessments and testing management strategies.

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White paper on the promotion of an integrated risk assessment concept in European regulatory frameworks for chemicals

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

Risk Perception and Human Health Risk in Rural Communities Consuming Unregulated Well Water in Saskatchewan, Canada

Risk Perception and Human Health Risk in Rural Communities Consuming Unregulated Well Water in Saskatchewan, Canada

Current Trends in the Process of Risk Assessment of Exposure to Xenobiotics Including Dietary Intake

A Spatio‐Temporal Exposure‐Hazard Model for Assessing Biological Risk and Impact

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