Which Amphetamine-Type Stimulants Can Be Detected by Oral Fluid Immunoassays?

Souza, Daniele Zago; Boehl, Paula Otero; Comiran, Eloisa; Prusch, Débora S; Zancanaro, Ivomar; Pechansky, Flávio; Duarte, Paulina C.A.V; Boni, Raquel Brandini De; Fröehlich, Pedro Eduardo; Limberger, Renata Pereira

doi:10.1097/ftd.0b013e31823d8e8d

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…FEN is the second most frequently consumed AMPbased anorectic in the world, 3 and it is currently marketed in countries such as Paraguay and Chile. 4 Although not prescribed in many countries, it can be acquired through illegal means, such as via the internet and via illegal importation across borders. 5,6 Because of its stimulating properties, FEN is widely misused in Brazil, specially by truck drivers, 7-10 to avoid fatigue and to keep them driving for longer periods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fenproporex and Amphetamine Pharmacokinetics in Oral Fluid After Controlled Oral Administration of Fenproporex

Comiran

Souza

Boehl

et al. 2012

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

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The authors observed that oral administration of FEN resulted in significant amounts of FEN and AMP in oral fluid, showing that oral fluid could be a biological matrix suitable for pharmacokinetic studies for both analytes. Using a compartmental approach, FEN data were best fitted by 1-compartment model with first-order input and output, whereas AMP followed a 2-compartment model with first-order input and output.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fenproporex and Amphetamine Pharmacokinetics in Oral Fluid After Controlled Oral Administration of Fenproporex

Comiran

Souza

Boehl

et al. 2012

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

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“…From the swab (pad), the OF migrates by capillarity, mobilizing the reservoir of colored antibodies that flow with the OF along the strip until the lines with the immobilized PSs are reached. In the presence of a positive sample for any PS in the cut-off concentration of the multi-drug device or above it, the binding sites of the respective colored antibody saturate and do not bind to the drug immobilized on the band (Souza et al, 2012). However, it is important to note that even with efficient screening devices for on-site use, the need for confirmatory analysis of the suspected drivers OF sample is not ruled out, considering that some devices still demonstrate a lack of specificity (≥ 90%) and of sensitivity (≥ 80%) for Δ 9 -THC (Blencowe et al, 2011;Musshoff et al, 2014;Strano-Rossi et al, 2012).…”

Section: Immunochromatography Screening Devices For Cannabinoids In O...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunochromatography screening devices for cannabinoids in oral fluid sample

Duarte

Gorziza

González

et al. 2023

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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Cannabis sativaL. is one of the most consumed drugs in the world and recent studies have associated its use with an increase in the number of traffic accidents in different countries. In many countries, like Brazil, simple and reliable methodologies are still needed for the detection of drugs on site, mainly cannabinoids, considering its prevalence of use and oral fluid (OF) has been proved as an appropriate biological matrix for this purpose. Considering that, this work aims to review previous studies on immunochromatographic devices for on-site detection of cannabinoids in OF, discussing their sensitivity, specificity, cut-offs values and confirmatory methods. This data shows the importance of choosing a screening device and it reinforces the need for its implementation in Brazil. The research was conducted on 5 databases and all original articles, published in the last 10 years, were selected. A total of 32 articles were found, providing data for 17 screening devices of distinct brands. Only 2 screening devices showed satisfactory sensitivity and specificity in the evaluated studies (≥80% and ≥90% respectively). However, it should be considered that the screening devices still have some limitations, such as a higher cut-off than those recommended by international guidelines (cut-off > 2 ng/mL), therefore demonstrating the need for more studies in the area and the importance of confirmatory analysis usually fulfilled by LC-MS/MS, GC-MS/MS or GC-MS. Thus, the screening analyzes should not be evaluated by itself, but in association with confirmatory results and observational traits (behavioral changes), for a better understanding of the traffic scenario.

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“…A 2012 in vitro study assessed the ability of three commercial immunoassays to detect amphetamine-type stimulants (ATSs) (including methylphenidate) in oral fluid. 1 Analytical specificity (cross-reactivity) of amphetamine direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (AMP-ELISA), methamphetamine direct ELISA (MET-ELISA), and Oral-View saliva multidrug of abuse test was evaluated using ATS-spiked oral fluid. The positive cutoff for all three assays was 50 ng/mL.…”

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confidence: 99%

Does methylphenidate cause a false positive result on amphetamine drug screening tests in patients on maintenance methylphenidate?

Meaney

Frazier

Truong

et al. 2023

EBPR

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Which Amphetamine-Type Stimulants Can Be Detected by Oral Fluid Immunoassays?

Abstract: This evidences the need to develop new kits that enable one to control the misuse of prescription ATSs on roads through oral fluid immunoassays.

Cited by 12 publications

References 48 publications

Fenproporex and Amphetamine Pharmacokinetics in Oral Fluid After Controlled Oral Administration of Fenproporex

Fenproporex and Amphetamine Pharmacokinetics in Oral Fluid After Controlled Oral Administration of Fenproporex

Immunochromatography screening devices for cannabinoids in oral fluid sample

Does methylphenidate cause a false positive result on amphetamine drug screening tests in patients on maintenance methylphenidate?

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